Infocommunications and Radio Technologies Infocommunications and Radio Technologies ИНФОКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ И РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 2587-9936 52870 10.15826/icrt.2019.02.2.24 ГЛАВНАЯ РУБРИКА MAIN SECTION ГЛАВНАЯ РУБРИКА Valve J. A. Fleming: background and its invention Клапан Дж. А. Флеминга: предпосылки и его изобретение https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-881X Пестриков Виктор Михайлович Pestrikov Viktor Mihaylovich pvm205@yandex.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения Санкт-Петербург Россия St. Petersburg State University of Film and Television St. Petersburg Russian Federation 25 06 2019 25 06 2019 2 2 264 284 20 06 2019 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/52870/view

Томас А. Эдисон изобрел первую двухэлектродную электронную лампу, которая, по существу, представляла собой вакуумный диод для использования в низкочастотных цепях. Он не осознал важности сделанного открытия, которое получило название «эффект Эдисона». За него это сделал британский ученый Джон Амброз Флеминг, который переосмыслил этот эффект и применил его для обнаружения «беспроводных» электрических сигналов. Основой этой технологии стал изобретенный Флемингом так называемый «колебательный клапан» (англ. oscillation valve).

Thomas A. Edison invented the first two-electrode electron tube, which essentially was a vacuum diode for use in low-frequency circuits. He did not realize the importance of the discovery, which was called the “Edison effect”. This was done for him by the British scientist John Ambrose Fleming, who rethought this effect and applied it to detect “wireless” electrical signals. The basis of this technology was invented by Fleming, the so-called “oscillation valve”.

 переменный ток выпрямитель волномер цимометр высокочастотный волномер ячейка Нодона выпрямитель Венельта эффект клапана волномер Флеминга клапан Флеминга соглашение с компанией Маркони alternating current rectifier wave meter cimometer high-frequency wave meter Nodon cell Wehnelt rectifier valve effect Fleming wave meter Fleming valve agreement with Marconi company

Fleming J. A. A Note on a Form of Magnetic Detector for Herrzian Waves adapted for Quantitative Work//Proceedings of the Royal Society. 1903. Т. 74. С. 398-401. Fleming J. A. A Note on a Form of Magnetic Detector for Herrzian Waves adapted for Quantitative Work//Proceedings of the Royal Society. 1903. T. 74. S. 398-401. Fleming J. A. The principles of electric wave telegraphy. Longmans, Green, and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London, New York and Bombay. 1906. С. 382-386. Fleming J. A. The principles of electric wave telegraphy. Longmans, Green, and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London, New York and Bombay. 1906. S. 382-386. Buscemi. V. Trasparenza dei Liquidi per le onde Hertziane // Nuovo Cimento. 1905. Т. 9. С. 105-112. Buscemi. V. Trasparenza dei Liquidi per le onde Hertziane // Nuovo Cimento. 1905. T. 9. S. 105-112. Fleming J. A. On a Hot-Wire Ammeter for the Measurement of Very Small Alternating Currents (read at the Physical Society on 25 March 1904) // Proceedings of the Physical Society of London. 1904. Т. 19. С. 173-184. Fleming J. A. On a Hot-Wire Ammeter for the Measurement of Very Small Alternating Currents (read at the Physical Society on 25 March 1904) // Proceedings of the Physical Society of London. 1904. T. 19. S. 173-184. Fleming J. A. Henzian Wave Telegraphy (Cantor Lecture given on 16 March 1903) // Journal of the Society of Arts. 1902-03. Т. 51. С. 762. Fleming J. A. Henzian Wave Telegraphy (Cantor Lecture given on 16 March 1903) // Journal of the Society of Arts. 1902-03. T. 51. S. 762. Fleming J. A. Improvements in Apparatus Employed for Measuring Wave Lengths in Wireless Telegraphy. Patent GB190413736. Date of Application, 17th June, 1904. Fleming J. A. Improvements in Apparatus Employed for Measuring Wave Lengths in Wireless Telegraphy. Patent GB190413736. Date of Application, 17th June, 1904. Rosling P. The Rectification of Alternating Currents // Electrician. 1906. 58. С. 677-679. Rosling P. The Rectification of Alternating Currents // Electrician. 1906. 58. S. 677-679. Nodon A. Electrolytic Rectifier: An Experimental Research (read at the St. Louis International Congress), Electrician. 14 October 1904. 53. С. 1037-1039. Nodon A. Electrolytic Rectifier: An Experimental Research (read at the St. Louis International Congress), Electrician. 14 October 1904. 53. S. 1037-1039. Nodon A. Stromrichter für ein- oder mehrphasigen Wechselstrom. DE139837C. Patentiert im Deutschen Reiohe vom 11. März 1902 ab. Nodon A. Stromrichter für ein- oder mehrphasigen Wechselstrom. DE139837C. Patentiert im Deutschen Reiohe vom 11. März 1902 ab. Nodon A. Improvements relating to Rectifiers for Single or Polyphase Alternating Currents. GB190205978A. Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1902 Complete Specification Left, 3rd Dsc., 1902 - Accepted, 11th Mar., 1903. Nodon A. Improvements relating to Rectifiers for Single or Polyphase Alternating Currents. GB190205978A. Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1902 Complete Specification Left, 3rd Dsc., 1902 - Accepted, 11th Mar., 1903. Nodon A. Rectifiers for Single or Polyphase Alternating Currents. US715126. Application filed Apr. 30, 1902. Patented Dec. 2, 1902. Nodon A. Rectifiers for Single or Polyphase Alternating Currents. US715126. Application filed Apr. 30, 1902. Patented Dec. 2, 1902. Pupin M. I. Method of Producing Asymmetrical Currents from Symmetrical Alternating Electromotive Forces. US713044. Application filed January 4, 1898. Renewed Oct. 4, 1902. Patented Nov. 4, 1902. Pupin M. I. Method of Producing Asymmetrical Currents from Symmetrical Alternating Electromotive Forces. US713044. Application filed January 4, 1898. Renewed Oct. 4, 1902. Patented Nov. 4, 1902. Fleming A. On the Conversion of Electric Oscillation into Continuous Currents by means of Vacuum Valve // Proceedings of the Royal Society.1905. Т. 74. С. 476-487. Fleming A. On the Conversion of Electric Oscillation into Continuous Currents by means of Vacuum Valve // Proceedings of the Royal Society.1905. T. 74. S. 476-487. Fleming J. A. The Electronic Theory of Electricity // Proceedings of the Royal Institution. 1902. Т. 17. С. 163-181. Fleming J. A. The Electronic Theory of Electricity // Proceedings of the Royal Institution. 1902. T. 17. S. 163-181. Sir John Ambrose Fleming. Memories of a scientific life. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. 1934. 244 с. Sir John Ambrose Fleming. Memories of a scientific life. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. 1934. 244 s. Wehnelt A. Ein elektrisches Ventilrohr // Annalen der Physik. 1906. Band 24, Helt 1, С. 138-156 Wehnelt A. Ein elektrisches Ventilrohr // Annalen der Physik. 1906. Band 24, Helt 1, S. 138-156 Wehnelt A. Über den Auetritt negativer Ionen aus glühenden Metallverbindungen und damit zusammenhängende Erscheinungen // Annalen der Physik. 1905. Band 14. Helt 8. С. 425-468. Wehnelt A. Über den Auetritt negativer Ionen aus glühenden Metallverbindungen und damit zusammenhängende Erscheinungen // Annalen der Physik. 1905. Band 14. Helt 8. S. 425-468. Wehnelt Arthur. Elektrisches Ventil. Patentschrift. DE157845. Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 15. Januar 1904 ab. Wehnelt Arthur. Elektrisches Ventil. Patentschrift. DE157845. Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 15. Januar 1904 ab. Fleming J. A. The Construction and Use of Oscillation Valves for Rectifying High-Frequency Electric Currents//Proceedings of the Physical Society. 1906. Т. 20. С. 177-185. Fleming J. A. The Construction and Use of Oscillation Valves for Rectifying High-Frequency Electric Currents//Proceedings of the Physical Society. 1906. T. 20. S. 177-185. Electrician. 31 March 1905. Т. 54. С. 961. Electrician. 31 March 1905. T. 54. S. 961. Fleming J. A. Improvements in Instruments for Detecting and Measuring Alternating Electric Currents. Patent GB190424850. Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1904. Fleming J. A. Improvements in Instruments for Detecting and Measuring Alternating Electric Currents. Patent GB190424850. Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1904. Hong Sungook. Wireless from Marconi’s Black-Box to the Audion. The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England. 2001. С. 221-222. Hong Sungook. Wireless from Marconi’s Black-Box to the Audion. The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England. 2001. S. 221-222. Marconi to Fleming, 14 Feb. 1905, University College London MS Add 122/1, Fleming Collection. Fleming to Marconi, 15 Feb. 1905, MCA, Chelmsford. G. Marconi, Recent Advances in Wireless Telegraphy (Friday Lecture on 3 March 1905), Proceedings of the Royal Institution 18 (1905), С. 31-45. Marconi to Fleming, 14 Feb. 1905, University College London MS Add 122/1, Fleming Collection. Fleming to Marconi, 15 Feb. 1905, MCA, Chelmsford. G. Marconi, Recent Advances in Wireless Telegraphy (Friday Lecture on 3 March 1905), Proceedings of the Royal Institution 18 (1905), S. 31-45. Fleming to Marconi, 24 March 1905, MCA, Chelmsford. Fleming to Marconi, 24 March 1905, MCA, Chelmsford. Memorandum of Agreement between the Marconi Company and Fleming 26 May 1905, MCA, Chelmsford. Memorandum of Agreement between the Marconi Company and Fleming 26 May 1905, MCA, Chelmsford. Fleming to Marconi, 9 Oct. 1906, MCA, Chelmsford. Fleming to Marconi, 9 Oct. 1906, MCA, Chelmsford. Fleming J. A. On the Conversion of Electric Oscillations into Continuous Currents by means of a Vacuum Valve // Royal Society of London Proceedings, Feb. 9, 1905. Т. 74. P. 476-487. Fleming J. A. On the Conversion of Electric Oscillations into Continuous Currents by means of a Vacuum Valve // Royal Society of London Proceedings, Feb. 9, 1905. T. 74. P. 476-487.