<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Infocommunications and Radio Technologies</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Infocommunications and Radio Technologies</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ИНФОКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ И РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2587-9936</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52871</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15826/icrt.2019.02.2.25</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ГЛАВНАЯ РУБРИКА</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>MAIN SECTION</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ГЛАВНАЯ РУБРИКА</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Electric capacitor - innovative technology of the XVIII century</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Электрический конденсатор - инновационная технология XVIII века</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пестриков</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Михайлович </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pestrikov</surname>
       <given-names>Viktor M </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>pvm205@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University of Film and Television</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-06-25T21:43:07+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2019</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-06-25T21:43:07+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2019</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>285</fpage>
   <lpage>309</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-06-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2019</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/52871/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/52871/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Инновационные технологии прошлых веков, как не удивительно, играют немалую роль в современной науке и технике. Так, радиотехника не может обойтись без инновационной технологии 18 века - эффекта электрической емкости. Эффект был открыт соборным деканом Эвальдом Клейстом из городка Каммин в Померании. Несколько позже, в голландском Лейдене в лаборатории известного физика Питера Мушенбрука был проведен опыт, аналогичный опыту Клейста. Информация о Лейденском эксперименте благодаря французскому физику Жану Антуану Нолле получила широкую огласку в научных кругах Европы и затмила результаты Клейста. Это стало причиной последующих споров относительно признания приоритета данного открытия. В статье представлены и обсуждаются переплетения этой истории на основании исторических документов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Innovative technologies of the past centuries, not surprisingly, play a significant role in modern science and technology. Thus, radio engineering cannot do without the innovative technology of the 18th century - the effect of electrical capacitance. The effect was discovered by Cathedral Dean Ewald Kleist of Cammin in Pomerania. A little later, in the Dutch Leiden in the laboratory of the famous physicist Pieter Musschenbroek was conducted an experiment similar to the experience of Kleist. Information about the Leiden experiment thanks to the French physicist Jean Antoine Nollet received wide publicity in scientific circles in Europe and eclipsed the results of Kleist. This led to subsequent disputes over the recognition of the priority of the discovery. The article presents and discusses the interweaving of this history based on historical documents.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>инновационные технологии 18 века</kwd>
    <kwd>Эвальд Георг (Юрген) Клейст</kwd>
    <kwd>бутылка Клейста</kwd>
    <kwd>Питер Мушенбрук</kwd>
    <kwd>лейденская банка</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>innovation technology of the 18th century</kwd>
    <kwd>Ewald Georg (Jürgen) Kleist</kwd>
    <kwd>Kleist bottle</kwd>
    <kwd>Pieter Musschenbroek</kwd>
    <kwd>Leiden jar</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Katedra URL: https://polska-org.pl/7306537,foto.html?idEntity=7243183 (06.10.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Katedra URL: https://polska-org.pl/7306537,foto.html?idEntity=7243183 (06.10.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Georg Bose. URL: https://www.wikiwand.com/de/Georg_Bose (06.10.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Georg Bose. URL: https://www.wikiwand.com/de/Georg_Bose (06.10.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Georg Matthias Bose. The World’s #1 Online Encyclopedia. URL: https://wikimili.com/en/Georg_Matthias_Bose (06.10.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Georg Matthias Bose. The World’s #1 Online Encyclopedia. URL: https://wikimili.com/en/Georg_Matthias_Bose (06.10.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Winkler, Johann Heinrich. Die Eigenschaften der Electrischen Materie und des Electrischen Feuers, aus verschiedenen neuen Versuchen erkläret, und, nebst etlichen neuen Maschinen. Leipzig, 1745. 164 с.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Winkler, Johann Heinrich. Die Eigenschaften der Electrischen Materie und des Electrischen Feuers, aus verschiedenen neuen Versuchen erkläret, und, nebst etlichen neuen Maschinen. Leipzig, 1745. 164 s.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Лакур П., Аппель Я. Историческая физика. Т. II. Одесса.Mathesis. 1908. С. 232-234.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Lakur P., Appel' Ya. Istoricheskaya fizika. T. II. Odessa.Mathesis. 1908. S. 232-234.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              D. Gralath, “Geschichte der electricität - Zweite anschnitt,” Versuche Abhandlungen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Danzig.1754. Т. 2. С. 355-460.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              D. Gralath, “Geschichte der electricität - Zweite anschnitt,” Versuche Abhandlungen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Danzig.1754. T. 2. S. 355-460.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Schreiben das herr von Kleist, decanus des domcapituls in camin [dean of the cathedral chapter in kammin] an herr swietlicki von 20 Nov, 1745 // Acta Societatis Physicae Experimentalis (Danzig). 1745, Т. 3.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Schreiben das herr von Kleist, decanus des domcapituls in camin [dean of the cathedral chapter in kammin] an herr swietlicki von 20 Nov, 1745 // Acta Societatis Physicae Experimentalis (Danzig). 1745, T. 3.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Flaszki Kleista i butelki lejdejskie: elektryczny szok uczonej Europy (1745-1746). URL: https://kierul.wordpress.com/tag/du-chatelet/
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Flaszki Kleista i butelki lejdejskie: elektryczny szok uczonej Europy (1745-1746). URL: https://kierul.wordpress.com/tag/du-chatelet/
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Heilbron J. L. Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study of Early Modern Physics. University of California Press. 1979. С. 311.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Heilbron J. L. Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study of Early Modern Physics. University of California Press. 1979. S. 311.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Krüger, Johann Gottlob: Geschichte der Erde in den allerältesten Zeiten. Halle, 1746. С. 175-181.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Krüger, Johann Gottlob: Geschichte der Erde in den allerältesten Zeiten. Halle, 1746. S. 175-181.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              “Letter from Pieter van Musschenbroek to René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, dated January 20, 1746,” in Procés Verbaux. Academie Royale des Sciences (Paris). 1746. Т. 65. С. 4-6.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              “Letter from Pieter van Musschenbroek to René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, dated January 20, 1746,” in Procés Verbaux. Academie Royale des Sciences (Paris). 1746. T. 65. S. 4-6.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Here is Nollet's own account of the event. Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'Électricité. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751. C. 1-3. The account from the Academy of Sciences only refers to the “Leyden experiment” (l’expérience de Leyde): Sur l’Électricité Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751. C. 1-17.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Here is Nollet's own account of the event. Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'Électricité. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751. C. 1-3. The account from the Academy of Sciences only refers to the “Leyden experiment” (l’expérience de Leyde): Sur l’Électricité Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751. C. 1-17.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Nollet J. A. Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences. 1746. 2.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Nollet J. A. Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences. 1746. 2.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              XI. Part of a Letter from Mr. Trembley, F. R. S. to Martin Folkes, Esq; Pref. R. S. concerning the Eight caused by Quicksilver sbaken in a Glass Tube, proceeding from Electricity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. January and December, 1746. Т. 44. Iss. 478. С. 58-60.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              XI. Part of a Letter from Mr. Trembley, F. R. S. to Martin Folkes, Esq; Pref. R. S. concerning the Eight caused by Quicksilver sbaken in a Glass Tube, proceeding from Electricity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. January and December, 1746. T. 44. Iss. 478. S. 58-60.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              The First Condenser - A Beer Glass. Pieter Van Musschenbroek (1692-1761). URL: http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_LEYDEN.HTM (23.09.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              The First Condenser - A Beer Glass. Pieter Van Musschenbroek (1692-1761). URL: http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_LEYDEN.HTM (23.09.2019)
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Here is Nollet’s own account of the event. Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'Électricité, Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751. C. 1-3. The account from the Academy of Sciences only refers to the “Leyden experiment” (l’expérience de Leyde): Sur l’Électricité. Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751, C. 1-17.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Here is Nollet’s own account of the event. Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'Électricité, Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751. C. 1-3. The account from the Academy of Sciences only refers to the “Leyden experiment” (l’expérience de Leyde): Sur l’Électricité. Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences De l’Année 1746. Paris, 1751, C. 1-17.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Wiedemann G. Die Lehre von der Elektrizitdt. 1893. Т I. Vieweg und Sohn. Braunschweig. С. 137.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Wiedemann G. Die Lehre von der Elektrizitdt. 1893. T I. Vieweg und Sohn. Braunschweig. S. 137.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Capacitors - Invention History and the Story of Leyden Jar. Website “CircuitsToday”. URL: http://www.circuitstoday.com/capacitors-invention-history-and-the-story-of-leyden-jar (23.09.2019).
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Capacitors - Invention History and the Story of Leyden Jar. Website “CircuitsToday”. URL: http://www.circuitstoday.com/capacitors-invention-history-and-the-story-of-leyden-jar (23.09.2019).
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Musschenbroek, Petrus van. Compendium Physicae Experimentalis Conscriptum in Usus Academicos. Lugduni Batavorum: Apud S. et J. Luchtmans, 1762. 515 с.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Musschenbroek, Petrus van. Compendium Physicae Experimentalis Conscriptum in Usus Academicos. Lugduni Batavorum: Apud S. et J. Luchtmans, 1762. 515 s.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Heilbron J. L. Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study of Early Modern Physics. University of California Press, 1979. С. 314.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Heilbron J. L. Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study of Early Modern Physics. University of California Press, 1979. S. 314.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Sawicki Jerzy. Kleist vs. Musschenbroek - trudna droga do prawdy // Studia Historiae Scientiarum (SHS). 2018. №.17. С. 275-340.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Sawicki Jerzy. Kleist vs. Musschenbroek - trudna droga do prawdy // Studia Historiae Scientiarum (SHS). 2018. №.17. S. 275-340.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Klasik Marian. Von Kleist czy Musschenbroeck? Website ikamien.pl, Poniedziałek, Kamień Pomorski. URL: http://ikamien.pl/artykuly/2186/ (24.09.2019).
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Klasik Marian. Von Kleist czy Musschenbroeck? Website ikamien.pl, Poniedziałek, Kamień Pomorski. URL: http://ikamien.pl/artykuly/2186/ (24.09.2019).
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Feldhaus F. M. Die Erfindung der Elektrischen Verstärkungsflasche durch Ewald Jürgen von Kleist. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1903.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Feldhaus F. M. Die Erfindung der Elektrischen Verstärkungsflasche durch Ewald Jürgen von Kleist. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1903.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">
            
              Dorsman C., Crommelin C. A. He invention of the Leyden Jar // Janus. 1957. Т. 46. С. 275-280.
            
          </mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">
            
              Dorsman C., Crommelin C. A. He invention of the Leyden Jar // Janus. 1957. T. 46. S. 275-280.
            
          </mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
