Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ 2499-9962 54264 МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ USE OF BIONANOAERSOLS IN TREATMENT AND DIAGNOSTICS OF LUNG DISEASES ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ БИОНАНОАЭРОЗОЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ И ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЛЕГОЧНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ Морозов В Н Morozov V N tammorozova@rambler.ru Институт теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики РАН ru Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS ru 25 03 2018 25 03 2018 3 1 173 182 20 03 2018 20 03 2018 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54264/view

Представлено новое направление биотехнологии, основанное на использовании наноаэрозолей для лечения и диагностики легочных заболеваний. В обзоре описаны методы генерации бионаноаэрозолей (БНА), которые сохраняют структуру и биологическую активность молекул. Разработанный автором метод генерации использует электрогидродинамическое распыление растворов лекарств с последующей нейтрализацией заряженных нанокластеров в газовой фазе. Он позволяет превращать в БНА практически любое вещество, растворимое в воде или в спирте (включая пептиды, белки, ДНК) без изменения его функциональных свойств. Представлены методы дозиметрии наноаэрозольных лекарств, приведены примеры использования БНА антибиотиков и других лекарств для лечения инфекционных и системных заболеваний лабораторных животных. Описаны особенности лекарственных БНА, их преимущества по сравнению с другими способами введения лекарства и возможные побочные эффекты. Показано, что наноаэрозольные частицы, образующиеся в выдыхаемом воздухе при высыхании микрокапель легочной жидкости, могут быть использованы для неинвазивной диагностики легочных заболеваний. Разработаны специальные фильтры и одноразовые приспособления для сбора таких микрокапель из выдыхаемого воздуха. Продемонстрирована принципиальная возможность неинвазивной диагностики туберкулеза легких по выдыхаемым антителам, специфичным к секретируемым антигенам микобактерии. Аналогичные устройства, успешно примененные для анализа нозокомиальных инфекций в клинике, можно использовать для обеспечения биобезопасности на транспорте, в промышленных и жилых помещениях.

The report outlines a new field of biotechnology, which employs nanoaerosols for treatment, and diagnostics of lung diseases. It presents a brief review of known methods for generation of nanoaersolized drugs without damaging their functional activity. The author’s method is based on electrohydrodynamic atomization of drug solutions followed by gas-phase neutralization of charged nanoclusters with counter-ions. This method turns any water- or ethanol-soluble substance (including peptides, proteins and DNA) into bionanoaerosol (BNA) with their structure and functional properties retained. Methods for measurement of inhaled BNA doses are briefly outlined and a few examples of successful application of BNA from antibiotics and other drugs for treatment of diseases in animals are presented. Some peculiarities of BNA, advantages of drug introduction via BNA inhalation over the other administration routes, as well as potential side effects of BNA are discussed. It is demonstrated that nanoaerosol particles formed upon drying of microdroplets of lung fluid (MLFs) can be used in non-invasive diagnostics of lung diseases. Special filtering material was developed and disposable filtering devices were designed to collect such nanoaerosols and MLFs from exhaled air of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis biomarkers (antibodies specific to secreted mycobacterium antigens) were detected in most probes collected from the patients, illustrating feasibility of non-invasive diagnostics. Similar filtering devices were successfully employed in analysis of nosocomial infections in clinics. These devices may also be used to control biosafety in transport, in private houses and in industrial buildings.

 бионаноаэрозоли генератор лечение бионаноаэрозолями выдыхаемый воздух неинвазивная диагностика bionanoaerosols generation treatment with bionanoaerosols exhaled air non-invasive diagnostics

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