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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2499-9962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">54377</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">REGULATION OF ACTION POTENTIAL FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE BY T-TYPE Ca2+ CHANNEL DURING SPONTANEOUS SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ЧАСТОТЫ И АМПЛИТУДЫ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОВ ДЕЙСТВИЯ Са2+-КАНАЛАМИ T-ТИПА В НЕЙРОНАХ ГИППОКАМПА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Теплов</surname>
       <given-names>И Ю</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Teplov</surname>
       <given-names>I Yu</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Долгачева</surname>
       <given-names>Л П</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dolgacheva</surname>
       <given-names>L P</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тулеуханов</surname>
       <given-names>С Т</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tuleukhanov</surname>
       <given-names>S T</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Зинченко</surname>
       <given-names>В П</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zinchenko</surname>
       <given-names>V P</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vpz@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики клетки РАН</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики клетки РАН</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет имени аль-Фараби</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh national University</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики клетки РАН</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2018</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2018</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>3</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>853</fpage>
   <lpage>862</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-12-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2018</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-12-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2018</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54377/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54377/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В настоящей работе исследованы закономерности изменения частоты и амплитуды потенциалов действия (ПД) на фоне деполяризации, вызванной активностью Са2+-каналов во время спонтанной синхронной активности (ССА) нейронов гиппокампа в культуре. Используя систему анализа изображения для измерения [Са2+]i и метод пэтч-кламп для регистрации мембранного потенциала мы показали, что при снятии торможения ингибитором ГАМК(А) рецепторов, в нейрональной сети возникает режим ССА, при котором тонические высокочастотные (2 - 3 Гц) ПД, генерируемые нейроном без изменения концентрации цитоплазматического Са2+ ([Са2+]i), сменяются пачечной активностью, которая сопровождается импульсом медленной деполяризации (МД) и генерацией кальциевых импульсов. Ингибитор Т-типа кальциевых каналов ML218 подавляет этот процесс. Частота и амплитуда ПД в пачке регулируется импульсами МД следующим образом: на переднем фронте деполяризации частота ПД увеличивается, а амплитуда падает за счет инактивации Na+-каналов. Чем выше скорость нарастания деполяризации, тем выше частота генерации ПД. Если амплитуда МД превышает потенциал реактивации Na+-каналов, импульсная активность нейронов прекращается. По мере повышения [Са2+]i и активации Са2+-зависимых К+-каналов, амплитуда деполяризации медленно уменьшается, а Na+-каналы реактивируются, что приводит к постепенному росту амплитуды ПД на фоне уменьшения деполяризацииТерминация пачки ПД происходит за счет роста [Са2+]iи активации Са2+-зависимых К+-каналов, закрытия потенциал-зависимых Са2+-каналов и их инактивации. В результате, мембрана еще больше гиперполяризуется, что приводит к подавлению генерации ПД, открытию активируемых гиперполяризацией HCN-подобных каналов и реактивации Na+ и потенциал-зависимых Са2+-каналов. Активность HCN-подобных каналов возрастает, мембрана медленно деполяризуется и достигает критического потенциала возбуждения, при котором начинается генерация тонических ПД, а затем открываются Са2+-каналы и вновь генерируется кальциевый потенциал и Са2+ сигнал. Таким образом, кальциевые каналы, определяющие импульс МД, управляют частотой и амплитудой ПД во время ССА, регулируя условия активации и инактивации Na+-каналов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In this paper, the changes in the frequency and amplitude of action potentials (PD) were investigated depending on the depolarization caused by the Ca2+ channels activity during the spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA) of hippocampal neurons in culture. Using the image analysis and patch-clamp we have shown that depolarization caused by the inhibitor of the GABA(A) receptor results in a mode of the spontaneous activity in which tonic high-frequency (2-3 Hz) APs are generated by a neuron without any changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, ([Ca2+]i). The tonic mode is interrupted burst activity, which is accompanied by a pulse of the slow depolarization and generation of calcium pulses. Inhibitor of T-type calcium channels ML218 inhibits this process. At the same time, the frequency and the amplitude of AP are regulated by slow depolarization pulses as follows: on the depolarization front, the APs frequency increases. At the same time, the amplitude decreases due to Na+ channels inactivation. The higher is the depolarization rate, the higher is the APs generation frequency. If slow depolarization amplitude exceeds Na+ channels reactivation potential, the neuronal impulse activity stops. As the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases and Ca2+-activated K+ channels are activated, depolarization amplitude decreases slowly, and Na+-channels are reactivated, which leads to a gradual increase in the amplitude of APs against the background of depolarization decrease. Termination of burst firing is due to [Ca2+]i increase and to Ca2+-dependent K+ channels activation, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) inactivation. As a result, the membrane is hyperpolarized even more, that suppress AP generation, activate HCN channels and reactivate Na+ and VGCC. The activity of HCN-like channels increases, the membrane slowly depolarizes and the potential reaches critical, generation of tonic APs begins, with further opening of the Ca2+ channels, and Ca2+ potential and Ca2+ signal are generated again. Thus, the channels, determining the pulse of slow depolarization, control the frequency and the amplitude of APs of PD during SSA, regulating the activation and inactivation conditions of Na+ channels.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ССА - спонтанная синхронная активность нейронов</kwd>
    <kwd>кальциевый импульс</kwd>
    <kwd>Са2+-каналы Т-типа</kwd>
    <kwd>потенциал-зависимые кальциевые каналы</kwd>
    <kwd>потенциал действия</kwd>
    <kwd>генез пачечной активности</kwd>
    <kwd>пачки потенциалов действия</kwd>
    <kwd>деполяризационный сдвиг</kwd>
    <kwd>критический потенциал</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>SSA - spontaneous synchronous activity</kwd>
    <kwd>calcium impulse</kwd>
    <kwd>T-type Ca2+- channels</kwd>
    <kwd>voltage-gated calcium channels</kwd>
    <kwd>action potential</kwd>
    <kwd>genesis of bursting activity</kwd>
    <kwd>bursting of action potential</kwd>
    <kwd>depolarization shift</kwd>
    <kwd>critical potential</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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