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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2499-9962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">54489</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Общая биофизика</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>General biophysics</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Общая биофизика</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Energy laws of biophysics: theory and experiment</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Энергетические законы биофизики: теория и эксперимент</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Чукова</surname>
       <given-names>Ю П</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chukova</surname>
       <given-names>Yu P</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>y.chukova@mtu-net.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Краснопресненский региональный фонд охраны природы и здоровья населения</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Krasnopresnensky ecology Fund</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-03-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2020</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-03-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>03</month>
    <year>2020</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>5</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>52</fpage>
   <lpage>62</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2020</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-03-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2020</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54489/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54489/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Термодинамическим методом чёрного ящика получена зависимость КПД преобразования энергии электромагнитного излучения в свободную энергию для изотермических эндоэргических процессов в открытых системах и показано, какой круг застарелых проблем современной фотобиологии находит при этом исчерпывающее объяснение. Дан ответ на вопрос, почему глаз человека имеет нулевую чувствительность в максимуме солнечного излучения. Это результат термодинамического запрета на преобразование ИК излучения в свободную энергию. Этот запрет предписывает существование сдвига Пуркине в глазу человека при переходе от дня к ночи и предсказывает существование сдвига Пуркине во многих фотоявлениях со сложным спектром фоточувствительности. Это позволяет объяснить самые сложные динамические кривые разных типов фотодвижения. Существование отрицательных фототаксиса, фоботаксиса и фотокинеза при высокой освещённости объясняется падением КПД в условиях сверхлинейного роста скорости генерации энтропии. Безуспешные попытки учёных увеличить эффективность фотосинтеза растений связаны с тем, что Природа исчерпала эти возможности, поместив фотосинтез в максимум КПД изотермических эндоэргических процессов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The dependence of the efficiency of conversion of electromagnetic radiation energy into free energy for isothermal endergonic processes in open systems is obtained by the ” black box” thermodynamic method and it is shown that the range of long-standing problems of modern photobiology finds a general and exhaustive explanation. The answer is given to the question why the human eye has zero sensitivity in the maximum solar radiation. This is the result of a thermodynamic limitation on converting IR radiation into free energy.This prohibition prescribes the existence of the Purkyne shift in the human eye during the transition from day to night and predicts the existence of the Purkyné shift in many photo phenomena with a complex photosensitivity spectrum. This allows us to explain the most complex dynamic curves of different types of photo movement. The existence of negative phototaxis, phobotaxis, and photokinesis in high light conditions is explained by a drop in efficiency under the conditions of a superlinear increase in the entropy generation rate. Unsuccessful attempts of scientists to increase the efficiency of plant photosynthesis are due to the fact that Nature has exhausted these possibilities, placing photosynthesis in the maximum efficiency of isothermal endoergonic processes.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>зрение человека</kwd>
    <kwd>фотодвижение простейших организмов</kwd>
    <kwd>фотосинтез растений</kwd>
    <kwd>скорость генерации энтропии</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>human vision</kwd>
    <kwd>photomovement of protozoa</kwd>
    <kwd>photosynthesis of plants</kwd>
    <kwd>entropy generation rate</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность Фонду Джона Д. и Кэтрин Т. МакАртуров за грантовую поддержку работы.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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