Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ 2499-9962 54541 Общая биофизика General biophysics Общая биофизика On the problem of low concentrations on biological activity О проблеме влияния малых концентраций на биологическую активность Лобышев В И Lobyshev V I lobyshev@yandex.ru Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова ru Lomonosov Moscow State University ru 25 09 2020 25 09 2020 5 3 390 398 20 09 2020 20 09 2020 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54541/view

В работе представлена краткая история и дан анализ этой проблемы, которая долго неоднозначно принимается научным сообществом и в которую внесли значительный вклад отечественные исследователи. Несомненно, это направление связано с исследованиями в области малых доз ионизирующих излучений и слабых неионизирующих электромагнитных полей, а также с результатами гомеопатической практики в медицине, насчитывающей более 200 лет и не имеющей по настоящее время теоретических обоснований. С конца 1970-х годов на различных биологических моделях разными авторами было показано, что при уменьшении от обычно используемой концентрации действующего вещества, биологический эффект вновь появляется. При этом, он может быть более интенсивным или даже иметь другой знак ответа. Таким образом, зависимость биологического ответа на уменьшающуюся концентрацию активного вещества имеет немонотонный характер и может характеризоваться несколькими экстремумами. Исследования физико-химических характеристик концентрационных зависимостей в области малых и сверхмалых концентраций, проведенные в нашей стране и за рубежом, убедительно показывают появление аналогичных закономерностей. Наряду с этим, нами впервые была показана высокая корреляция между физическими характеристиками сильно разбавленных растворов и биологическим откликом одноклеточных, что было подтверждено другими исследователями. Установлено, что неклассическое поведение разбавленных водных растворов связано с образованием мезочастиц размером порядка сотни нанометров. Во многих случаях образование мезочастиц не наблюдается при выдерживании образцов водных растворов в условиях ослабленного магнитного поля Земли. Наблюдаемые эффекты выходят за рамки классических представлений о растворах. В работе формулируются вопросы, требующие экспериментального и теоретического решения.

The paper presents a brief history and analysis of this problem, which has long been ambiguously accepted by the scientific community and to which Russian researchers have made a significant contribution. Undoubtedly, this theme is associated with research in the field of low doses of ionizing radiation and weak non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, as well as with the results of homeopathic practice in medicine, which has more than 200 years and does not have any theoretical grounds up to now. Since the late 1970s, various authors have shown on different biological models that the biological effect reappears when the concentration of the active substance decreases from the commonly used concentration. However, it may be more intense or even have an opposite sign of response. Thus, the dependence of the biological response to a decreasing concentration of the active substance is non-monotonous and can be characterized by several extremes. Studies of physical and chemical characteristics of concentration dependences in the field of low and ultralow concentrations carried out in our country and abroad, convincingly show occurrence of similar patterns. We have shown for the first time a high correlation between the physical characteristics of highly diluted solutions and the biological response of single-cell organisms, which was confirmed by other researchers. It has been established that the non-classical behavior of diluted aqueous solutions is associated with the formation of mesoparticles about one hundred nanometers in size. In many cases, the formation of mesoparticles is not observed when holding samples of aqueous solutions in the conditions of a weakened magnetic field of the Earth. The observed effects go beyond the classical concepts of solutions. The paper formulates questions that require experimental and theoretical solutions.

 разбавленные водные растворы микрогетерогенность самоорганизация мезочастицы diluted aqueous solutions microheterogeneity self-organization mesoparticles diluted aqueous solutions microheterogeneity self-organization mesoparticles

Southam C.M., Ehrlich J. Effects of extracts of western red-cedar heartwood on certain wood-decaying fungi in culture. Phytopathology, 1943, vol. 33, pp. 517-524. Southam C.M., Ehrlich J. Effects of extracts of western red-cedar heartwood on certain wood-decaying fungi in culture. Phytopathology, 1943, vol. 33, pp. 517-524. Кузин А.М. Стимулирующее действие ионизирующего излучения на биологические процессы. М.: Атомиздат, 1977, 133 с. Kuzin A.M. Stimuliruyuschee deystvie ioniziruyuschego izlucheniya na biologicheskie processy. M.: Atomizdat, 1977, 133 s. Эйдус Л.Х. Мембранный механизм биологического действия малых доз. М.: ИТЭФ РАН, 2001, 81 с. Eydus L.H. Membrannyy mehanizm biologicheskogo deystviya malyh doz. M.: ITEF RAN, 2001, 81 s. Чижевский А.Л. Земное эхо солнечных бурь. Изд. 2-е. М.: «Мысль», 1976, 367 с. Chizhevskiy A.L. Zemnoe eho solnechnyh bur'. Izd. 2-e. M.: «Mysl'», 1976, 367 s. Перчихин Ю.А., Шангин-Березовский Г.Н., Раппопорт И.А. Изменение активности аминотрансфераз при воздействии N-нитрозо N-диэтилмочевиной на сыворотку крови. Химический мутагенез и создание сортов интенсивного типа. М.: Наука, 1977, с. 263. Perchihin Yu.A., Shangin-Berezovskiy G.N., Rappoport I.A. Izmenenie aktivnosti aminotransferaz pri vozdeystvii N-nitrozo N-dietilmochevinoy na syvorotku krovi. Himicheskiy mutagenez i sozdanie sortov intensivnogo tipa. M.: Nauka, 1977, s. 263. Шангин-Березовский Г.Н., Перчихин Ю.А., Колбасин А.А. Влияние малых доз N-нитрозо N-диэтилмочевины на толерантность перепелов к токсичному действию некоторых мутагенов. Эффективность химических мутагенов в селекции. Ин-т химфизики АН СССР, 1980. Shangin-Berezovskiy G.N., Perchihin Yu.A., Kolbasin A.A. Vliyanie malyh doz N-nitrozo N-dietilmocheviny na tolerantnost' perepelov k toksichnomu deystviyu nekotoryh mutagenov. Effektivnost' himicheskih mutagenov v selekcii. In-t himfiziki AN SSSR, 1980. Шангин-Березовский Г.Н., Адамов В.Я., Рыхлецкая О.С., Молоскин С.А. Системный характер стимулирующего действия ультрамалых доз супермутагенов. Улучшение культурных растений и мутагенез. Ин-т химфизики АН СССР, 1982. Shangin-Berezovskiy G.N., Adamov V.Ya., Ryhleckaya O.S., Moloskin S.A. Sistemnyy harakter stimuliruyuschego deystviya ul'tramalyh doz supermutagenov. Uluchshenie kul'turnyh rasteniy i mutagenez. In-t himfiziki AN SSSR, 1982. Ямскова В.П., Модянова Е.А., Резникова М.М., Маленков А.Г. Высокоактивные тканевоспецифические адгезивные факторы печени и легкого. Мол. Биол., 1977, т. 11, № 5. Yamskova V.P., Modyanova E.A., Reznikova M.M., Malenkov A.G. Vysokoaktivnye tkanevospecificheskie adgezivnye faktory pecheni i legkogo. Mol. Biol., 1977, t. 11, № 5. Ямскова В.П., Модянова Е.А., Левенталь В.И., Ланковская Т. П., Бочарова О.К., Маленков А.Г. Тканевоспецифические макромолекулярные факторы из печени и легкого: очистка и действие на механическую прочность ткани и клеток. Биофизика, 1977, т. 22. Yamskova V.P., Modyanova E.A., Levental' V.I., Lankovskaya T. P., Bocharova O.K., Malenkov A.G. Tkanevospecificheskie makromolekulyarnye faktory iz pecheni i legkogo: ochistka i deystvie na mehanicheskuyu prochnost' tkani i kletok. Biofizika, 1977, t. 22. Эффекты сверхмалых доз биологически активных веществ. Росс. Хим. Журн., 1999, т. XLIII, № 5. Effekty sverhmalyh doz biologicheski aktivnyh veschestv. Ross. Him. Zhurn., 1999, t. XLIII, № 5. Бурлакова Е.Б. Особенности действия сверхмалых доз биологически активных веществ и физических факторов низкой интенсивности. Росс. Хим. Журн., 1999, т. XLIII, №5, с. 3-11. Burlakova E.B. Osobennosti deystviya sverhmalyh doz biologicheski aktivnyh veschestv i fizicheskih faktorov nizkoy intensivnosti. Ross. Him. Zhurn., 1999, t. XLIII, №5, s. 3-11. Brown S.L., Van Epps D.E. Suppression of T lymphocyte chemotactic factor production by the opioid peptides beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin. J. Immunol., 1985, vol. 134, no. 5, p. 3384-3390. Brown S.L., Van Epps D.E. Suppression of T lymphocyte chemotactic factor production by the opioid peptides beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin. J. Immunol., 1985, vol. 134, no. 5, p. 3384-3390. Zaitsev S.V., Sazanov L.A., Koshkin A.A., Sud’ina G.F., Varfolomeev S.D. Respiratory birst inhibition in human neutrophils by ultra-low doses of [D-Ala2] methionine. FEBS Letters, 1991, vol. 291, p. 84-86. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81109-L. Zaitsev S.V., Sazanov L.A., Koshkin A.A., Sud’ina G.F., Varfolomeev S.D. Respiratory birst inhibition in human neutrophils by ultra-low doses of [D-Ala2] methionine. FEBS Letters, 1991, vol. 291, p. 84-86. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81109-L. Xibo Yan, Delgado M., Aubry J., Gribelin O., Stocco A., Da Cruz F.B., Bernard J., Ganachaud F. Central Role of Bicarbonate Anions in Charging Water/Hydrophobic Interfaces. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2018, vol. 9, pp. 96-103. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02993. Xibo Yan, Delgado M., Aubry J., Gribelin O., Stocco A., Da Cruz F.B., Bernard J., Ganachaud F. Central Role of Bicarbonate Anions in Charging Water/Hydrophobic Interfaces. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2018, vol. 9, pp. 96-103. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02993. Lippincott et al. Polywater. Science, 1969, vol. 164, pp. 1482-1487. DOI: 10.1126/science.164.3887.1482. Lippincott et al. Polywater. Science, 1969, vol. 164, pp. 1482-1487. DOI: 10.1126/science.164.3887.1482. Лобышев В.И., Калиниченко Л.П. Изотопные эффекты D2O в биологических системах. М.: Наука, 1978, 215 с. Lobyshev V.I., Kalinichenko L.P. Izotopnye effekty D2O v biologicheskih sistemah. M.: Nauka, 1978, 215 s. Лобышев В.И. О чем говорят изотопные эффекты тяжелой воды в биологических и модельных системах. Актуальные вопросы биологической физики и химии, 2018, т. 3, № 3, с. 511-519. Lobyshev V.I. O chem govoryat izotopnye effekty tyazheloy vody v biologicheskih i model'nyh sistemah. Aktual'nye voprosy biologicheskoy fiziki i himii, 2018, t. 3, № 3, s. 511-519. Tikhonov V.I., Volkov A.A. Separation of water into its ortho and para isomers. Science, 2002, vol. 216, p. 2363. Tikhonov V.I., Volkov A.A. Separation of water into its ortho and para isomers. Science, 2002, vol. 216, p. 2363. Pershin S.M. Coincidence of Rotational Energy of H2O Ortho - Para Molecules and Translational Energy near Specific Temperatures in Water and Ice. Phys. Wave Phenom., 2008, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 15-25. Pershin S.M. Coincidence of Rotational Energy of H2O Ortho - Para Molecules and Translational Energy near Specific Temperatures in Water and Ice. Phys. Wave Phenom., 2008, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 15-25. Didenko Y.T., Suslick K.S. The energy efficiency of formation of photons, radicals and ions during single-bubble cavitation. Letters to Nature, 2002, vol. 418, pp. 394-397. DOI: 10.1038/nature00895. Didenko Y.T., Suslick K.S. The energy efficiency of formation of photons, radicals and ions during single-bubble cavitation. Letters to Nature, 2002, vol. 418, pp. 394-397. DOI: 10.1038/nature00895. Chernikov A.V., Bruskov V.I., Heat-induced Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals and other Redox-active Species in Seawater. Biophysics, 2002, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 773-781. Chernikov A.V., Bruskov V.I., Heat-induced Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals and other Redox-active Species in Seawater. Biophysics, 2002, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 773-781. Chernikov A.V., Bruskov V.I., Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the water by heat or light with the formation of nitrogen oxides. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2005, vol. 400, no. 1-6, p. 40-43. Chernikov A.V., Bruskov V.I., Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the water by heat or light with the formation of nitrogen oxides. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2005, vol. 400, no. 1-6, p. 40-43. Gudkov S.V., Bruskov V.I., Astashev M.E., Chernikov A.V., Yaguzhinsky L.S., Zakharov S.D. Oxygen-dependent Auto-oscillations of Water Luminescence Triggered by the 1264 nm Radiation. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2011, vol. 115, p. 7693-7698. Gudkov S.V., Bruskov V.I., Astashev M.E., Chernikov A.V., Yaguzhinsky L.S., Zakharov S.D. Oxygen-dependent Auto-oscillations of Water Luminescence Triggered by the 1264 nm Radiation. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2011, vol. 115, p. 7693-7698. Gudkov S.V., Karp O.E., Garmash S.A., Ivanov V.E., Chernikov A.V., Bruskov V.I., Monokhin A.A., Astashev M.E., Yaguzhinsky L.S. Generation of reactive oxygen species in water under exposure to visible or infrared irradiation at absorption bands of molecular oxygen. Biophysics, 2012, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-8. Gudkov S.V., Karp O.E., Garmash S.A., Ivanov V.E., Chernikov A.V., Bruskov V.I., Monokhin A.A., Astashev M.E., Yaguzhinsky L.S. Generation of reactive oxygen species in water under exposure to visible or infrared irradiation at absorption bands of molecular oxygen. Biophysics, 2012, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-8. Ignatiev A.N., Pryakhin A.N., Lunin V.V. Numerical simulation of the kinetics of ozone decomposition in an aqueous solution. Russian Chem. Bull., 2008, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1172-1178. Ignatiev A.N., Pryakhin A.N., Lunin V.V. Numerical simulation of the kinetics of ozone decomposition in an aqueous solution. Russian Chem. Bull., 2008, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1172-1178. Binhi V.N., Sarimov R.M., Relaxation of liquid water states with altered stoichiometry. Biophysics, 2014, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 515-519. Binhi V.N., Sarimov R.M., Relaxation of liquid water states with altered stoichiometry. Biophysics, 2014, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 515-519. Belovolova L.V., Glushkov M.V., Vinogradov E.A., Influence of dissolved gases on highly diluted aqueous media. Biophysics, 2014, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 524-530. Belovolova L.V., Glushkov M.V., Vinogradov E.A., Influence of dissolved gases on highly diluted aqueous media. Biophysics, 2014, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 524-530. Воейков В.Л., Виленская Н.Д., Ха До Минь, Малышенко С.И., Буравлева Е.В., Яблонская О.И., Тимофеев К.Н. Устойчивое неравновесное состояние бикарбонатных водных систем. ЖФХ, 2012, т. 86, № 9, с. 1518-1527. Voeykov V.L., Vilenskaya N.D., Ha Do Min', Malyshenko S.I., Buravleva E.V., Yablonskaya O.I., Timofeev K.N. Ustoychivoe neravnovesnoe sostoyanie bikarbonatnyh vodnyh sistem. ZhFH, 2012, t. 86, № 9, s. 1518-1527. Домрачев Г.А., Родыгин Ю.Л., Селивановский Д.А. Механохимически активированное разложение воды в жидкой фазе. ДАН, 1993, т. 329, № 2, с.186-188. Domrachev G.A., Rodygin Yu.L., Selivanovskiy D.A. Mehanohimicheski aktivirovannoe razlozhenie vody v zhidkoy faze. DAN, 1993, t. 329, № 2, s.186-188. Домрачев Г.А., Родыгин Ю.Л., Селивановский Д.А., Стунжас П.А. Об одном из механизмов генерации пероксида водорода в океане. В кн. Химия морей и океанов. М.: Наука, 1995, с.169-177. [ Domrachev G.A., Rodygin Yu.L., Selivanovskiy D.A., Stunzhas P.A. Ob odnom iz mehanizmov generacii peroksida vodoroda v okeane. V kn. Himiya morey i okeanov. M.: Nauka, 1995, s.169-177. [ Веселов Ю.С. Эффект накопления перекиси водорода при обратно-осмотическом опреснении морской воды. Химия и технология воды, 1991, т. 13, № 8, с. 741-745. Veselov Yu.S. Effekt nakopleniya perekisi vodoroda pri obratno-osmoticheskom opresnenii morskoy vody. Himiya i tehnologiya vody, 1991, t. 13, № 8, s. 741-745. Styrkas A.D., N.G. Nikishina N.G. Chemical processes in moving water. Russian Journal of Inorg. Chem., 2009, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 961-968. Styrkas A.D., N.G. Nikishina N.G. Chemical processes in moving water. Russian Journal of Inorg. Chem., 2009, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 961-968. Styrkas A.D. Composition of gaseous products produced upon oscillations of water. Russian Journal of Inorg. Chem., 2011, vol. 56, no. 7, p. 1029-1031. Styrkas A.D. Composition of gaseous products produced upon oscillations of water. Russian Journal of Inorg. Chem., 2011, vol. 56, no. 7, p. 1029-1031. Lee J.K., Walker K.L., Han H.S., Kang J., Prinz F.B., Waymouth R.M., Nam H.G., Zare R.N. Spontaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide from aqueous microdroplets. PNAS, 2019, vol. 116, no. 39, pp. 19294-19298. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911883116. Lee J.K., Walker K.L., Han H.S., Kang J., Prinz F.B., Waymouth R.M., Nam H.G., Zare R.N. Spontaneous generation of hydrogen peroxide from aqueous microdroplets. PNAS, 2019, vol. 116, no. 39, pp. 19294-19298. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911883116. Бункин Н.Ф., Индукаев К.В., Игнатьев П.С. Спонтанная самоорганизация газовых микропузырьков в жидкостях. ЖЭТФ, 2007, т. 131, № 3, с. 539-555. Bunkin N.F., Indukaev K.V., Ignat'ev P.S. Spontannaya samoorganizaciya gazovyh mikropuzyr'kov v zhidkostyah. ZhETF, 2007, t. 131, № 3, s. 539-555. Бункин Н.Ф., Суязов Н.В., Шкиркин А.В., Игнатьев П.С., Индукаев К.В. Кластерная структура стабильных нанопузырей растворенного газа в глубоко очищенной воде. ЖЭТФ, 2009, т. 135, № 5, с. 917-937. Bunkin N.F., Suyazov N.V., Shkirkin A.V., Ignat'ev P.S., Indukaev K.V. Klasternaya struktura stabil'nyh nanopuzyrey rastvorennogo gaza v gluboko ochischennoy vode. ZhETF, 2009, t. 135, № 5, s. 917-937. Bunkin N.F., Shkirin A.V., Babenko V.A., Sychev A.A., Lomkova A.K., Kulikov E.S. Laser Diagnostics of the Bubston Phase in the Bulk of Aqueous Salt Solutions. Physics of Wave Phenomena, 2015, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 161-175. Bunkin N.F., Shkirin A.V., Babenko V.A., Sychev A.A., Lomkova A.K., Kulikov E.S. Laser Diagnostics of the Bubston Phase in the Bulk of Aqueous Salt Solutions. Physics of Wave Phenomena, 2015, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 161-175. Chaplin M. Water structure and science. www.lsbu.ac.uk/water Chaplin M. Water structure and science. www.lsbu.ac.uk/water Lobyshev V.I., A.B. Solovey A.B., Bulienkov N.A. Computer Modular Design of Parametric Structures of Water. Biophysics, 2003, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1011-1021. Lobyshev V.I., A.B. Solovey A.B., Bulienkov N.A. Computer Modular Design of Parametric Structures of Water. Biophysics, 2003, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1011-1021. Lobyshev V.I., Solovey A.B., Bulienkov N.A. Computer construction of modular structures of water. J. Mol. Liquids, 2003, vol. 106, no. 2-3, pp. 277-297. Lobyshev V.I., Solovey A.B., Bulienkov N.A. Computer construction of modular structures of water. J. Mol. Liquids, 2003, vol. 106, no. 2-3, pp. 277-297. Nilsson A., Petterson L.G.M., The structural origin of anomalous properties of liquid water. Nature Communication, 2015, pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9998. Nilsson A., Petterson L.G.M., The structural origin of anomalous properties of liquid water. Nature Communication, 2015, pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9998. Lobyshev V.I., Ryzhikov B.D., Shikhlinskaya R.E., Mazurova T.N. Intrinsic Luminescence of Water and Heavily Diluted Solutions of Dipeptides. Biophysics, 1994, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 557-563. Lobyshev V.I., Ryzhikov B.D., Shikhlinskaya R.E., Mazurova T.N. Intrinsic Luminescence of Water and Heavily Diluted Solutions of Dipeptides. Biophysics, 1994, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 557-563. Lobyshev V.I., Shikhlinskaya R.E., Ryzhikov B.D. Experimental evidence for intrinsic luminescence of water, J.Mol. Liquids, 1999, vol. 82, no. 1-2, pp.73-81. Lobyshev V.I., Shikhlinskaya R.E., Ryzhikov B.D. Experimental evidence for intrinsic luminescence of water, J.Mol. Liquids, 1999, vol. 82, no. 1-2, pp.73-81. Lobyshev V.I., Long scale evolution of luminescent properties of water and glycyltryptophan solutions, influence of UV irradiation, In: Optical Diagnostics of Biological Fluids IV, Ed.: A.V.Priezzev, Toshimitsu Asakura. Proc. of SPIE, 1999, vol. 3599, pp. 52-57. Lobyshev V.I., Long scale evolution of luminescent properties of water and glycyltryptophan solutions, influence of UV irradiation, In: Optical Diagnostics of Biological Fluids IV, Ed.: A.V.Priezzev, Toshimitsu Asakura. Proc. of SPIE, 1999, vol. 3599, pp. 52-57. Вукс М.Ф. Рассеяние света в газах, жидкостях и растворах. Изд. ЛГУ,1977, 320 с. Vuks M.F. Rasseyanie sveta v gazah, zhidkostyah i rastvorah. Izd. LGU,1977, 320 s. Bulavin L.A., Gotsul´skii V.Y., Malomuzh N.P., Chechko V.E., Relaxation and Equilibrium Properties of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Alcohols. Russ. Chem. Bull., 2016, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 851-876. Bulavin L.A., Gotsul´skii V.Y., Malomuzh N.P., Chechko V.E., Relaxation and Equilibrium Properties of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Alcohols. Russ. Chem. Bull., 2016, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 851-876. Lobyshev V.I., Tomkevitch M.S., Luminescence Study of Homeopathic Remedies, In: Optical Diagnostics and Sensing of Biological Fluids and Glucose and Cholesterol Monitoring, Ed: A.V. Priezzhev, G.L. Cote. Proc. of SPIE, 2001, vol. 4263, pp. 59-64. Lobyshev V.I., Tomkevitch M.S., Luminescence Study of Homeopathic Remedies, In: Optical Diagnostics and Sensing of Biological Fluids and Glucose and Cholesterol Monitoring, Ed: A.V. Priezzhev, G.L. Cote. Proc. of SPIE, 2001, vol. 4263, pp. 59-64. Lobyshev V.I., Tomkevich M.S., Petrushanko I.Yu., Experimental Study of Potentiated Aqueous Solutions. Biophysics, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 416-420. Lobyshev V.I., Tomkevich M.S., Petrushanko I.Yu., Experimental Study of Potentiated Aqueous Solutions. Biophysics, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 416-420. Pershin S.M., Bunkin A.F., Grishin M.Ya., Davydov M.A., Lednev V.N., Palmina N.P., A.N. Fedorov A.N. Correlation of Optical Activity and Light Scattering in Ultra-Low-Concentrated Phenosan-Potassium Aqueous Solutions. Dokl. Phys., 2015, vol. 60, pp. 114-117. Pershin S.M., Bunkin A.F., Grishin M.Ya., Davydov M.A., Lednev V.N., Palmina N.P., A.N. Fedorov A.N. Correlation of Optical Activity and Light Scattering in Ultra-Low-Concentrated Phenosan-Potassium Aqueous Solutions. Dokl. Phys., 2015, vol. 60, pp. 114-117. Pershin S.M., Bunkin A.F., Grishin M.Ya., Lednev V.N., Fedorov A.N., Palmina N.P. Bimodal Dependence of Light Scattering/Fluctuations on the Concentration of Aqueous Solutions. Phys. Wave Phenom., 2016, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 41-47. Pershin S.M., Bunkin A.F., Grishin M.Ya., Lednev V.N., Fedorov A.N., Palmina N.P. Bimodal Dependence of Light Scattering/Fluctuations on the Concentration of Aqueous Solutions. Phys. Wave Phenom., 2016, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 41-47. Elia V., Niccoli M., New Physico-Chemical Properties of Extremely Diluted Aqueous Solutions. J. of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004, vol. 75, pp. 815-836. Elia V., Niccoli M., New Physico-Chemical Properties of Extremely Diluted Aqueous Solutions. J. of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2004, vol. 75, pp. 815-836. Elia V., Ausanio G., Gentile F., Germano R., Napoli E., Niccoli M. Experimental Evidence of Stable water Nanostructures in Extremely Dilute Solutions at Standard Pressure and Temperature. Homeopathy, 2014, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 44-50. Elia V., Ausanio G., Gentile F., Germano R., Napoli E., Niccoli M. Experimental Evidence of Stable water Nanostructures in Extremely Dilute Solutions at Standard Pressure and Temperature. Homeopathy, 2014, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 44-50. Rey L., Thermoluminescence of Ultra-high Dilutions of Lithium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. Physica A, 2003, vol. 323, pp. 67-74. Rey L., Thermoluminescence of Ultra-high Dilutions of Lithium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. Physica A, 2003, vol. 323, pp. 67-74. Lobyshev V.I. Dielectric Characteristics of Highly Diluted Aqueous Diclofenac Solutions in the Frequency Range of 20Hz to 10MHz. Physics of Wave Phenomena, 2019, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 119-127. Lobyshev V.I. Dielectric Characteristics of Highly Diluted Aqueous Diclofenac Solutions in the Frequency Range of 20Hz to 10MHz. Physics of Wave Phenomena, 2019, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 119-127. Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Konovalov A.I., Properties of Supramolecular Nanoassociates Formed in Aqueous Solutions of Biologically Active Compounds in Low or Ultra-low Concentrations. Doklady Phys. Chem., 2009. vol. 428, no. 2, pp. 196-200. Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Konovalov A.I., Properties of Supramolecular Nanoassociates Formed in Aqueous Solutions of Biologically Active Compounds in Low or Ultra-low Concentrations. Doklady Phys. Chem., 2009. vol. 428, no. 2, pp. 196-200. Konovalov A.I., Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Forming the Nanosized Molecular Assemblies (Nanoassociates) is a Key to Understand the Properties of Highly Diluted Aqueous Solutions. Biophysics, 2014, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 341-346. Konovalov A.I., Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Forming the Nanosized Molecular Assemblies (Nanoassociates) is a Key to Understand the Properties of Highly Diluted Aqueous Solutions. Biophysics, 2014, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 341-346. Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Konovalov A.I., Self-organization and Physicochemical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of the Antibodies to Interferon Gamma at Ultrahigh Dilution. Doklady Phys. Chem., 2015, vol. 462, no. 1, pp. 110-114. Ryzhkina I.S., Murtazina L.I., Kiseleva Y.V., Konovalov A.I., Self-organization and Physicochemical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of the Antibodies to Interferon Gamma at Ultrahigh Dilution. Doklady Phys. Chem., 2015, vol. 462, no. 1, pp. 110-114. Konovalov A., Ryzhkina I., Maltzeva E., Murtazina L., Kiseleva Yu., Kasparov V., Palmina N. Nanoassociate Formation in Highly Diluted Water Solutions of Potassium Phenosan with and without Permaloy Shielding. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 2015, vol. 34, no 2, pp. 141-146. Konovalov A., Ryzhkina I., Maltzeva E., Murtazina L., Kiseleva Yu., Kasparov V., Palmina N. Nanoassociate Formation in Highly Diluted Water Solutions of Potassium Phenosan with and without Permaloy Shielding. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 2015, vol. 34, no 2, pp. 141-146. Preparata G. QED Coherence in Matter. World Scientific, Singapore, New Jersey, London, Hong Kong, 1995. Preparata G. QED Coherence in Matter. World Scientific, Singapore, New Jersey, London, Hong Kong, 1995. Arani R., Bono I., Del-Guidice E., Preparata G. QED Coherence and the Thermodynamics of Water. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B., 1995, vol. 9, pp. 1813. Arani R., Bono I., Del-Guidice E., Preparata G. QED Coherence and the Thermodynamics of Water. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B., 1995, vol. 9, pp. 1813. Del-Guidice E., Vitiello G. Role of the Electromagnetic Field in the Formation of Domains in the Process of Symmetry-Braking Phase Transition. Phys. Rev. A., 2006, vol. 74, p. 022105. Del-Guidice E., Vitiello G. Role of the Electromagnetic Field in the Formation of Domains in the Process of Symmetry-Braking Phase Transition. Phys. Rev. A., 2006, vol. 74, p. 022105. Vitiello G, On the Isomorphism between Dissipative Systems, Fractal Self-Similarity and Electrodynamics. Toward an Integrated Vision of Nature Systems. Systems, 2014, vol. 2, p. 203. DOI: 10.3390/systems, 2020203. Vitiello G, On the Isomorphism between Dissipative Systems, Fractal Self-Similarity and Electrodynamics. Toward an Integrated Vision of Nature Systems. Systems, 2014, vol. 2, p. 203. DOI: 10.3390/systems, 2020203. Yinnon T., Liu Z.Q. Domains Formation Mediated by Electromagnetic Fields in Very Dilute Aqueous Solutions: 1. Quantum Electrodynamic Aspects. Water, 2015, vol. 7, p. 33. DOI: 10.14294/WATER.2015.4. Yinnon T., Liu Z.Q. Domains Formation Mediated by Electromagnetic Fields in Very Dilute Aqueous Solutions: 1. Quantum Electrodynamic Aspects. Water, 2015, vol. 7, p. 33. DOI: 10.14294/WATER.2015.4.