Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ 2499-9962 83077 10.29039/rusjbpc.2023.0596 БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ BIOPHYSICAL ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ PLANKTON FRACTIONATION BY SEQUENTIAL FILTRATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY PYRAMIDS ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ПЛАНКТОНА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ И ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ПИРАМИД БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ Савицкий М. А. Savitsky M. A. Кузнецов А. В. Kuznetsov A. V. kuznet61@gmail.com Центр дополнительного образования «Малая академия наук» Севастополь Россия Center for Additional Education "Small Academy of Sciences" Sevastopol Russian Federation Центр дополнительного образования «Малая академия наук» Севастополь Россия Center for Additional Education "Small Academy of Sciences" Sevastopol Russian Federation Институт биологии южных морей им. А.О. Ковалевского РАН Севастополь Россия A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the South Seas of the RAS Sevastopol Russian Federation Севастопольский государственный университет Севастополь Россия Sevastopol State University Sevastopol Russian Federation 16 05 2024 16 05 2024 8 1 99 110 30 06 2023 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83077/view

Модели хищник-жертва Лотки–Вольтерры используются для изучения экологии сообществ, но их способность генерировать пирамиды Элтона в сравнении с полевыми данными подробно не исследовалась. В данной работе вместо систем обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений (ODE – ordinary differential equation) использовали агентно-ориентированное программирование (ABM – agentbased modeling). Показано, что двухкомпонентная система продуцент-консумент нестабильна, тогда как трёхкомпонентная система с консументами 1-го и 2-го порядка стабильна при длительной симуляции. Временные срезы по ходу выполнения программы могут порождать как пирамиды Элтона, так и каскады. Результаты моделирования согласуются с экспериментами по разделению черноморского планктона из района м. Фиолент (Крым) на фракции размером от 2 мм до 2 мкм. Хотя биоразнообразие в отдельных пробах в разные моменты времени, как и обилие варьируют в широких пределах, оба показателя предсказуемо снижаются с повышением трофического уровня в случае увеличения числа экспериментов с течением времени.

Lotka-Volterra predator-prey models are used to study community ecology, but their ability to generate ecological pyramids compared to field data has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, agent-based modeling (ABM) was used instead of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE). It was shown that the two-component producer-consumer system is unstable, whereas the three-component system with consumers of the 1st and 2nd order is stable under prolonged simulation. Time slices as the program progresses can generate both ecological pyramids and cascades. Simulation results are consistent with experiments on separation of the Black Sea plankton from the area of Cape Fiolent (Crimea) into fractions ranging in size from 2 mm to 2 microns. Although biodiversity in individual samples at different points in time as well as abundance vary widely, both predictably decline with rising trophic levels in cases where the number of tests increases over time.

 модель Лотки–Вольтерры пирамида Элтона агентно-ориентированное программирование последовательная фильтрация микропланктон Lotka-Volterra model ecological pyramid agent-based programming sequential filtration microplankton Работа выполнена в рамках проектов Сириус.Лето № 100220220512058031 и ФИЦ ИнБЮМ № 121030300149-0.

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