<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2499-9962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">83714</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/rusjbpc.2023.0648</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">MDA PHOTOMETRY IN SOLUTIONS: COMPARISON OF METHODS OF DIRECT OPTICAL DENSITY DATA AND DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ФОТОМЕТРИЯ МДА В РАСТВОРАХ: СРАВНЕНИЕ МЕТОДОВ ПРЯМЫХ ДАННЫХ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ И АНАЛИЗА ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ СПЕКТРОВ ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Смирнова</surname>
       <given-names>О. Д.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Smirnova</surname>
       <given-names>O. D.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>smirnova0ksana@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Калашникова</surname>
       <given-names>И. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kalashnikova</surname>
       <given-names>I. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Курбатов</surname>
       <given-names>Г. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kurbatov</surname>
       <given-names>G. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National research center &quot;Kurchatov Institute&quot;</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre &quot;Kurchatov Institute&quot;</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-06T08:46:28+03:00">
    <day>06</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-06T08:46:28+03:00">
    <day>06</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>468</fpage>
   <lpage>476</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-04T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>04</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83714/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83714/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Проанализированы спектры поглощения продуктов реакции водных экстрактов тканей мышей с тиобарбитуровой кислотой, с целью определения в них содержания малонового диальдегида (МДА). Концентрация МДА является важной частью анализа окислительно-восстановительного статуса тканей, что существенно при исследовании воспалительных реакций, например, после различных стрессовых воздействий, а также при изучении старения. В обычной практике концентрацию МДА в растворе рассчитывают по его оптической плотности при 532 нм, соотнося с аналогичными растворами реакции с заданными концентрациями тетраметоксипропана (ТМП). Нами показано, что при субмикромолярном содержании МДА флуктуации неспецифического фонового уровня оптической плотности растворов могут быть соразмерны с величиной реального сигнала поглощения образующегося окрашенного аддукта. Растворы экстрактов биологических тканей, в силу дополнительного содержания белков, липидов и углеводов, обладают мутностью, искажающей спектр поглощения нелинейно. Однако вторые производные спектров лишены искажений фонового рассеяния и могут быть использованы при автоматическом программном расчете содержания интересующего пигмента. Получение корректных производных осложняется необходимостью сглаживания исходных спектральных зависимостей. Мы использовали сглаживание методом скользящей средней, а также фильтром Савицкого – Голея с полиномом третьей степени. Сопоставлены данные, полученные на основе измерения оптических плотностей растворов при 532 нм, с таковыми на основе анализа вторых производных их спектров поглощения, а также на основе интегральных сумм вторых производных в диапазоне 520-550 нм. Результаты расчётов при помощи анализа вторых производных дали в 2-5 раз меньшее содержание МДА, чем полученные на основании оптических плотностей в максимуме поглощения пигмента, однако их сходимость, особенно при использовании интегральных сумм, оказалась существенно лучше, чем для нулевого порядка, и результирующие погрешности были в 2-3 раза меньшими.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In this study, we analyzed the absorption spectra of the reaction products of aqueous extracts of mouse tissues with thiobarbituric acid, with the aim to determine the concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in them. The concentration of MDA is an important part of the analysis of the redox status of tissues, which is important in the study of inflammatory reactions, for example, after various stressful effects, as well as in the study of aging. In normal practice, they calculate the concentration of MDA in a solution by its optical density at 532 nm, then these data are related with similar solutions of the tetramethoxypropane (TMP) reaction with known concentration. We have shown that in cases of submicromolar MDA content, fluctuations in the nonspecific background level of the optical density of solutions can be commensurate to the magnitude of the actual absorption signal of the resulting colored adduct. Solutions of biological tissue extracts, due to the additional content of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, are characterized by turbidity, which distorts the absorption spectrum non-linearly. The second derivatives of the absorption spectra deprived of background scattering distortions and can be used for automatic software calculation of the pigment content. Obtaining correct derivatives is complicated by the need to smooth the original spectra. We used two smoothing methods: the moving average method and the Savitsky–Goley filter with a polynomial of the third degree. We compared the data obtained on the basis of measuring the optical densities of solutions at 532 nm with those based on the analysis of the second derivatives of their absorption spectra, and also on the basis of integral sums of the second derivatives in the range of 520-550 nm. The results of calculations using the second derivatives gave 2-5 times lower concentrations of MDA than those obtained from optical densities at the maximum absorption of the adduct. At the same time, the convergence of the data, especially when using integral sums of the second derivatives, turned out to be significantly better than for the zero order, and the resulting errors were 2-3 times smaller.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>спектроскопия производных</kwd>
    <kwd>сглаживание спектров</kwd>
    <kwd>малоновый диальдегид (МДА)</kwd>
    <kwd>печень</kwd>
    <kwd>лёгкие и головной мозг мышей</kwd>
    <kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>derivative spectroscopy</kwd>
    <kwd>smoothing of spectra</kwd>
    <kwd>malondialdehyde (MDA)</kwd>
    <kwd>liver</kwd>
    <kwd>lungs and brain of mice</kwd>
    <kwd>oxidative stress</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарева А.Е. Методы математического моделирования в оптике биоткани. Учебное пособие. СПб: СПбГУ ИТМО, 2008, 103 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkareva A.E. Methods of mathematical modeling in biotissue optics. Study guide. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University ITMO, 2008, 103 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bridge T.P., Fell A.F., Wardman R.H. Perspectives in derivative spectroscopy, Part 1-Theoretical principles. JSDS, 1987, vol. 103, no 1, pp.17-27, doi: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1987.tb01081.x.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bridge T.P., Fell A.F., Wardman R.H. Perspectives in derivative spectroscopy, Part 1-Theoretical principles. JSDS, 1987, vol. 103, no 1, pp.17-27, doi: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1987.tb01081.x.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Haver, Thomas C. and T.H. Begley. Signal-to-noise ratio in higher order derivative spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 1981, vol. 53, pp. 1876-1878, doi: 10.1021/AC00235A036.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Haver, Thomas C. and T.H. Begley. Signal-to-noise ratio in higher order derivative spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 1981, vol. 53, pp. 1876-1878, doi: 10.1021/AC00235A036.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahini K., Nalini Dr.C.N. A review on derivative spectroscopy and its benefits in drug analysis.  IJCRT, 2020, vol. 8, iss. 12, ISSN: 2320-2882.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahini K., Nalini Dr.C.N. A review on derivative spectroscopy and its benefits in drug analysis.  IJCRT, 2020, vol. 8, iss. 12, ISSN: 2320-2882.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howard M., Workman Jr. Derivatives in Spectroscopy. Part II - The True Derivative. Spectroscopy, 2003, vol. 18, no. 9, p. 25.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howard M., Workman Jr. Derivatives in Spectroscopy. Part II - The True Derivative. Spectroscopy, 2003, vol. 18, no. 9, p. 25.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костюк А.И., Котова Д.А., Демидович А.Д. и др. Изменение ключевых параметров метаболизма липидов в тканях мозга крыс при перманентной ишемии. Вестник РГМУ, 2019, 1, с. 50-57.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostyuk A. I., Kotova D.A., Demidovich A.D. et al. Changes in key parameters of lipid metabolism in rat brain tissues during permanent ischemia. Bulletin of RSMU, 2019, vol. 1, pp. 50-57 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 1979, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 351-358.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 1979, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 351-358.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moselhy H.F., Reid R.G., Yousef S., Boyle S.P. A specific, accurate, and sensitive measure of total plasma malondialdehyde by HPLC. J. Lipid Res., 2013, vol. 54, pp. 852-858.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moselhy H.F., Reid R.G., Yousef S., Boyle S.P. A specific, accurate, and sensitive measure of total plasma malondialdehyde by HPLC. J. Lipid Res., 2013, vol. 54, pp. 852-858.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Domijan A.-M., Ralic J., Brkanac S.R., Rumora L., Zanic-Grubisic T. Quantification of malondialdehyde by HPLC-FL - application to various biological samples. Biomedical Chromatography, 2015, vol. 29, iss. 1, pp. 41-46.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Domijan A.-M., Ralic J., Brkanac S.R., Rumora L., Zanic-Grubisic T. Quantification of malondialdehyde by HPLC-FL - application to various biological samples. Biomedical Chromatography, 2015, vol. 29, iss. 1, pp. 41-46.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gulbahar O., Aricioglu A., Akmansu M., and Turkozer Z. Effects of Radiation on Protein Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in the Brain Tissue. Transplantation Proceedings, 2009, vol. 41, pp. 4394-4396.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulbahar O., Aricioglu A., Akmansu M., and Turkozer Z. Effects of Radiation on Protein Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in the Brain Tissue. Transplantation Proceedings, 2009, vol. 41, pp. 4394-4396.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savitzky A., Golay M.J.E. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least-squares procedures. Analytical Chemistry, 1964, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1627-1639.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savitzky A., Golay M.J.E. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least-squares procedures. Analytical Chemistry, 1964, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1627-1639.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith P.K., Krohn O.H., Hermanson G.T., Mallia A.K., Gartner F.H., Provenzano D., Fujimoto E.K., Goeke N.M., Olson B.J., Klenk D.C. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem., 1985, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 76-85.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith P.K., Krohn O.H., Hermanson G.T., Mallia A.K., Gartner F.H., Provenzano D., Fujimoto E.K., Goeke N.M., Olson B.J., Klenk D.C. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem., 1985, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 76-85.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zelzer S., Oberreither R., Bernecker C., Stelzer I., Truschnig-Wilders M., Fauler G. Measurement of total and free malondialdehyde by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry-comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography methology. Free Radic Res., 2013, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 651-656, doi: 10.3109/10715762.2013.812205.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelzer S., Oberreither R., Bernecker C., Stelzer I., Truschnig-Wilders M., Fauler G. Measurement of total and free malondialdehyde by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry-comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography methology. Free Radic Res., 2013, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 651-656, doi: 10.3109/10715762.2013.812205.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ran Y., Wang R., Gao Q., Jia Q., Hasan M., Awan M.U., Tang B., Zhou R., Dong Y., Wang X., Li Q., Ma H., Deng Y., Qing H. Dragon's blood and its extracts attenuate radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice. J Radiat Res., 2014, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 699-706.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ran Y., Wang R., Gao Q., Jia Q., Hasan M., Awan M.U., Tang B., Zhou R., Dong Y., Wang X., Li Q., Ma H., Deng Y., Qing H. Dragon's blood and its extracts attenuate radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice. J Radiat Res., 2014, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 699-706.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsikas D., Rothmann S., Schneider J.Y., Suchy M.-T., Trettin A., Modun D., Stuke N., Maassen N., Frolich J.C. Development, validation and biomedical applications of stable-isotope dilution GC–MS and GC–MS/MS techniques for circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) after pentafluorobenzyl bromide derivatization: MDA as a biomarker of oxidative stress and its relation to 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and nitric oxide (NO). Journal of Chromatography B, 2016, vol. 1019, pp. 95-111.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsikas D., Rothmann S., Schneider J.Y., Suchy M.-T., Trettin A., Modun D., Stuke N., Maassen N., Frolich J.C. Development, validation and biomedical applications of stable-isotope dilution GC–MS and GC–MS/MS techniques for circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) after pentafluorobenzyl bromide derivatization: MDA as a biomarker of oxidative stress and its relation to 15(S)-8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and nitric oxide (NO). Journal of Chromatography B, 2016, vol. 1019, pp. 95-111.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
