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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2499-9962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">83715</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29039/rusjbpc.2023.0649</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">CARBON NANOCOMPOSITES IN MEDICINE: GRAPHENE AND POLYGRAPHENE AS POSSIBLE DRUG DELIVERY VEHICLE FOR INTESTINAL ONCOLOGY</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>УГЛЕРОДНЫЕ НАНОКОМПОЗИТЫ В МЕДИЦИНЕ: ГРАФЕН И ПОЛИГРАФЕН КАК ВОЗМОЖНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ДОСТАВКИ ЛЕКАРСТВ ПРИ ОНКОЛОГИИ КИШЕЧНИКА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ботин</surname>
       <given-names>А. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Botin</surname>
       <given-names>A. S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>botin-as@rudn.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Машал</surname>
       <given-names>Д. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mashal</surname>
       <given-names>D. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Попова</surname>
       <given-names>Т. С.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Popova</surname>
       <given-names>T. S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ризк</surname>
       <given-names>М.Г.Х. </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Rizk</surname>
       <given-names>M.G.H. </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кордова</surname>
       <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Cordova</surname>
       <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ Скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ Скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
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   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-06T08:46:28+03:00">
    <day>06</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-06T08:46:28+03:00">
    <day>06</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>477</fpage>
   <lpage>485</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>08</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83715/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83715/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В работе рассматривается одно из важнейших направлений в современной фармакологии – адресная доставка лекарственных препаратов, а именно направленный транспорт лекарственного вещества в заданную область организма, которая реализуется при помощи носителей, имеющих, как правило, размеры в десятки или сотни нанометров, различную природу и химическое строение. Обсуждается доставка противоопухолевых препаратов с помощью наночастиц. Иммобилизация лекарств на наноносителях позволяет повысить их биодоступность. Различные производные графена – оксид графена (GO) и восстановленный оксид графена (RGO) – тестируются в качестве носителей для доставки лекарств. Для адресной доставки лекарств в онкологии есть несколько подходов. Первый, простой – прикрепление, как низко-, так и высокомолекулярного препарата на поверхность носителя напрямую. Препарат доксорубицин, прочно связанный с поверхностью оксида графена и высвобождается только в кислотной среде опухоли. Второй, более сложный способ - прикрепить к поверхности носителя не только действующее вещество, но и направляющие молекулы – лиганды. Иногда сам лиганд может быть одновременно и лекарством. ПолиГрафен (ПГ) – оригинальный модифицированный аналог терморасщепленного графита, получен в виде новой формы расширенного графита, после многократной химической модификации и термоактивации приводится к характеристикам слоистого материала со стопками углеродных монослоев меньшей кратности (от 5 до 50), вплоть до одиночных листов графена. Приведены результаты испытаний ПГ в качестве действующей основы для иммобилизации ферментов, в частности, на примере противоопухолевого фермента L-лизин-α-оксидазы. Эти данные указывают на перспективность возможного биомедицинского применения ПГ в онкологии, а именно, при лечении рака кишечника. Модифицированные формы графена и полиграфена следует рассматривать как новый переносчик лекарственных средств.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper considers one of the most important directions in modern pharmacology - targeted delivery of medicines, namely the directed transport of medicinal substance to given area of  body, which is realized with help of carriers, which, as a rule, have sizes of tens or hundreds of nanometers, different nature and chemical structure. The delivery of antitumor drugs using nanoparticles is being discussed. Immobilization of drugs on nanocarriers makes it possible to increase their bioavailability. Various graphene derivatives - graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) - are being tested as carriers for drug delivery. There are several approaches for targeted drug delivery in oncology. The first, simple one is the attachment of both low– and high-molecular preparation to the surface of the carrier directly. The drug doxorubicin is firmly bound to surface of graphene oxide and is released only in acidic environment of tumor. The second, more complex method is to attach to surface of carrier not only active substance, but also guiding molecules - ligands. Sometimes ligand itself can be a drug at the same time. Polygraphene (PG) is an original modified analogue of thermally split graphite, obtained in the form of  new form of expanded graphite, after repeated chemical modification and thermal activation, it is reduced to the characteristics of a layered material with stacks of carbon monolayers of smaller multiplicity (from 5 to 50), up to single sheets of graphene. The results of tests of PG as an effective basis for the immobilization of enzymes are presented, in particular, on the example of antitumor enzyme L-lysine-α-oxidase. These data indicate prospects of possible biomedical use of PG in oncology, namely, in treatment of intestinal cancer. Modified forms of graphene and polygraphene should be considered as new carrier of drugs.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>графен</kwd>
    <kwd>полиграфен</kwd>
    <kwd>доставка лекарств</kwd>
    <kwd>онкология кишечника</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>graphene</kwd>
    <kwd>polygraphene</kwd>
    <kwd>drug delivery</kwd>
    <kwd>intestinal oncology</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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