Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ 2499-9962 83717 10.29039/rusjbpc.2023.0651 МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ MEDICAL BIOPHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ БИОФИЗИКА И БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ SELF-ORGANIZATION IN VIRUSES FORMATION: THE NANO-PROCESS OF ASSEMBLING HEADS (CAPSIDS) AND LAYING DNA ON THE EXAMPLE OF TAILED BACTERIOPHAGES (LAMBDA, T4) САМООРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ВИРУСОВ: НАНО-ПРОЦЕСС СБОРКИ ГОЛОВОК (КАПСИДОВ) И УКЛАДКИ ДНК НА ПРИМЕРЕ ХВОСТАТЫХ БАКТЕРИОФАГОВ (ЛЯМБДА, Т4) Ботин А. С. Botin A. S. botin-as@rudn.ru Пулин А. М. Pulin A. M. Гаврилов А. В. Gavrilov A. V. Попова Т. С. Popova T. S. Кордова А. В. Cordova A. V. Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы Москва Россия RUDN University Moscow Russian Federation НИИ Скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ Москва Россия N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine Moscow Russian Federation Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы Москва Россия RUDN University Moscow Russian Federation Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы Москва Россия RUDN University Moscow Russian Federation НИИ Скорой помощи им. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ Москва Россия N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine Moscow Russian Federation Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы Москва Россия RUDN University Moscow Russian Federation 06 06 2024 06 06 2024 8 4 493 504 29 08 2023 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83717/view

Актуальность проблемы. Широкое и бесконтрольное применение антибактериальных препаратов не только в медицине, но и в сельском хозяйстве, животноводстве, пищевой промышленности привело к распространению мультирезистентных штаммов, устойчивых к наиболее распространенным антибактериальным препаратам. В поисках альтернативных стратегий профилактики и контроля бактериальной инфекции все чаще обращают внимание на бактериофаговую (фаговую) терапию. Располагая широким диапазоном возможностей генной инженерии, эти бактериальные вирусы могут быть модифицированы с целью достижения точного контроля и обнаружения бактерий и, таким образом, послужить новым источником антимикробных средств. Кроме применения в антимикробной терапии, фаги также могут быть использованы как транспортные системы для доставки препаратов, как вакцины или же могут быть использованы для наносборки новых материалов, так как сами фаги, их фрагменты и компоненты являются нанообъектами и функционирующими наномашинами, процесс сборки которых чрезвычайно актуален. Целью данной статьи является: проведение анализа и обобщение важнейшей информации по теме бактериофагов, методов их определения и эффективной трансформации в современной науке, оценка достижений современных исследований в области процесса сборки головок (капсидов) и укладки внутрикапсидной ДНК у хвостатых бактериофагов (фаг лямбда и фаг Т4), производство генно-модифицированных фагов и обзор основных перспектив развития данного направления.

The relevance of the problem. The widespread and uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs not only in medicine, but also in agriculture, animal husbandry, and the food industry has led to the spread of multi-resistant strains resistant to the most common antibacterial drugs. In search of alternative strategies for the prevention and control of bacterial infection, attention is increasingly being paid to bacteriophage (phage) therapy. With a wide range of genetic engineering capabilities, these bacterial viruses can be modified to achieve precise control and detection of bacteria and thus serve as a new source of antimicrobial agents. In addition to being used in antimicrobial therapy, phages can also be used as transport systems for drug delivery, as vaccines, or can be used for nanosembly of new materials, since phages themselves, their fragments and components are nanoobjects and functioning nanomachines, the assembly process of which is extremely relevant. The purpose of this article is: to analyze and summarize the most important information on the topic of bacteriophages, methods of their determination and effective transformation in modern science, to evaluate the achievements of modern research in the process of assembling heads (capsids) and laying intracapsid DNA in caudate bacteriophages (phage lambda and phage T4), the production of genetically modified phages and a review of the main prospects for the development of this direction.

 вирусы бактериофаги самосборка капсидов укладка ДНК нанообъекты фаготерапия viruses bacteriophages self-assembly of capsids DNA stacking nanoobjects phage therapy

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