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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Infocommunications and Radio Technologies</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Infocommunications and Radio Technologies</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ИНФОКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ И РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2587-9936</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52921</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ (5.6.6)</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (5.6.6)</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ (5.6.6)</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Invention of an electronic tube audio frequency amplifier</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Изобретение электронного лампового усилителя звуковой частоты</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пестриков</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Михайлович </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pestrikov</surname>
       <given-names>Viktor M </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>pvm205@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University of Film and Television</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-25T21:43:07+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2020</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-25T21:43:07+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2020</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>3</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>433</fpage>
   <lpage>455</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2020</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/52921/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/52921/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Аудион как усилитель радиосигналов, будь то телеграфного или телефонного, оказался далеко впереди любого другого усилителя, который когда-либо разрабатывался. В течение нескольких лет, с 1907 г. по 1911 гг. аудион использовался только в качестве чувствительного детектора при приеме радиосигналов. Общие принципы его работы не были поняты. Де Форест провел определенную экспериментальную работу по использованию аудионного усилителя в качестве телефонного ретранслятора, однако его ранние разработки не увенчались успехом. Это было связано с тем, что он не придавал особого значения величине смещения на сетке аудиона. Он пытался осуществлять усиление низкочастотного сигнала (AF) при величине смещения на сетке, предназначенной для усиления высокочастотного сигнала (RF). В 1912 г. первый звуковой усилитель удалось построить Фрицу Левенштейну, бывшему сотруднику компании Фореста.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Audion as an amplifier of radio signals, whether telegraphic or telephone, was far ahead of any other amplifier that has ever been developed. For several years, from 1907 to 1911, audion was used only as a sensitive detector for receiving radio signals. The general principles of his work were not understood. De Forest conducted some experimental work on the use of an audion amplifier as a telephone repeater, however, his early development was unsuccessful. This was due to the fact that he did not attach much importance to the amount of displacement on the grid of the audion. He tried to amplify a low-frequency signal (AF) with an offset value on a grid designed to amplify a high-frequency signal (RF). In 1912, the first sound amplifier was built by Fritz Lowenstein, a former employee of the Forest company.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>аудион</kwd>
    <kwd>усилитель радиочастоты</kwd>
    <kwd>Джон С. Стоун</kwd>
    <kwd>Отто фон Брок</kwd>
    <kwd>Фриц Левенштейн</kwd>
    <kwd>усилитель звуковой частоты</kwd>
    <kwd>Ли де Форест</kwd>
    <kwd>каскад</kwd>
    <kwd>каскадные усилители звуковой частоты</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>audion</kwd>
    <kwd>RF amplifier</kwd>
    <kwd>John S. Stone</kwd>
    <kwd>Otto von Bronk</kwd>
    <kwd>Fritz Lowenstein</kwd>
    <kwd>audio amplifier</kwd>
    <kwd>Lee de Forest</kwd>
    <kwd>cascade</kwd>
    <kwd>cascade audio amplifiers</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
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</article>
