Infocommunications and Radio Technologies Infocommunications and Radio Technologies ИНФОКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ И РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 2587-9936 52922 ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ (5.6.6) HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (5.6.6) ИСТОРИЯ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ (5.6.6) Lee de Forest’s early work on wireless telegraphy Ранние работы Ли де Фореста по беспроволочной телеграфии Пестриков Виктор Михайлович Pestrikov Viktor M pvm205@yandex.ru Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения ru St. Petersburg State University of Film and Television ru 25 12 2020 25 12 2020 3 4 456 507 20 12 2020 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/52922/view

Рассмотрены научно-технические исследования американского радиоинженера Ли де Фореста на рубеже 19 и 20 вв. Показан научный поиск де Фореста в стремлении найти надлежащее устройство для замены ненадежного когерера. Подробно рассмотрены его разработки в области электролитических детекторов. Уделено внимание коммерциализации проектов де Фореста и деятельности компаний по их реализации. Отмечен юридический спор между Фессенденом и Форестом о приоритете изобретения оригинальной конструкции электролитического детектора. Представлены различные научные теории, в том числе де Фореста, объясняющие принцип работы электролитического детектора. В этом контексте проанализирован доклад де Фореста на Международном электротехническом конгрессе в Сент-Луисе в 1904 г.

The scientific and technical research of the American radio engineer Lee de Forest at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is considered. De Forest’s scientific quest to find an appropriate device to replace an unreliable coherer is shown. His developments in the field of electrolytic detectors are considered in detail. Attention is paid to the commercialization of de Forest's projects and the activities of companies for their implementation. A legal dispute between Fessenden and Forest over the priority of inventing an original electrolytic detector design is noted. Various scientific theories are presented, including de Forest, explaining the principle of the electrolytic detector. In this context, a report by de Forest at the International Electrical Congress in St. Louis in 1904 is analyzed.

 беспроволочная телеграфия пластина Шефера электролитический детектор Ли де Форест ответчик Авраам Уайт Всемирная Луизианская выставка 1904 г wireless telegraphy Schafer’s plate electrolytic detector Lee de Forest defendant Abraham White 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition

Hijiya James A. Lee de Forest and the fatherhood of radio. London and Toronto. Lehigh University Press, 1992. P. 28. Hijiya James A. Lee de Forest and the fatherhood of radio. London and Toronto. Lehigh University Press, 1992. P. 28. Adams Mike. Lee de Forest King of Radio, Television, and Film. Published in the United States by Copernicus Books, an imprint of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2012. 556 p. Adams Mike. Lee de Forest King of Radio, Television, and Film. Published in the United States by Copernicus Books, an imprint of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2012. 556 p. Forest Lee De. Reflection of Hertzian waves at the ends of parallel wires // American Journal of Science. July 01, 1899. Vol. s4-8. Issue 43. P. 58-71. Forest Lee De. Reflection of Hertzian waves at the ends of parallel wires // American Journal of Science. July 01, 1899. Vol. s4-8. Issue 43. P. 58-71. 120 years old, 30 years young, and a library for all time. URL: https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ about/news/120-years-old-30-years-young-and-a-library-for-all-time/ (07.02.2021). 120 years old, 30 years young, and a library for all time. URL: https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ about/news/120-years-old-30-years-young-and-a-library-for-all-time/ (07.02.2021). Neugschwcnder A. A new method of detecting electric waves // Annalen der physik und chemie. Neue folge. 1899. Band 67. S. 430-432. Neugschwcnder A. A new method of detecting electric waves // Annalen der physik und chemie. Neue folge. 1899. Band 67. S. 430-432. Neugschwender Albert. Elektrischer apparate und maschinen. Patentschrift DE107843. Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 13. Dezember 1898 ab. Neugschwender Albert. Elektrischer apparate und maschinen. Patentschrift DE107843. Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 13. Dezember 1898 ab. Aschkinass E. Theoretisches und Experimentelles über den Cohärer // Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 1898. Band 66. No. 2. S. 284-307. Aschkinass E. Theoretisches und Experimentelles über den Cohärer // Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 1898. Band 66. No. 2. S. 284-307. Schäfer Johann Chr., Lippold Paul und Renz E. Patentschrift DE121663. Empfangsapparat für elektrische Wellen. Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 31. Mai 1899 ab. Schäfer Johann Chr., Lippold Paul und Renz E. Patentschrift DE121663. Empfangsapparat für elektrische Wellen. Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 31. Mai 1899 ab. Marx Erich von. Über Antikohärer // Physikalische Zeitschrift. 26 Januar 1901. No. 17. S. 249-253. Marx Erich von. Über Antikohärer // Physikalische Zeitschrift. 26 Januar 1901. No. 17. S. 249-253. Elaine Robert Gordon. Aetheric or Wireless Telegraphy. London. 1905. Biggs and sons, 139-140, Salisbury Court, E. G. P. 97-98. Elaine Robert Gordon. Aetheric or Wireless Telegraphy. London. 1905. Biggs and sons, 139-140, Salisbury Court, E. G. P. 97-98. Гурвич Л. Г. Новые исследования в области безпроволочной телеграфии // Электричество. Сентябрь 1901. № 17-18. С. 251. Gurvich L. G. Novye issledovaniya v oblasti bezprovolochnoy telegrafii // Elektrichestvo. Sentyabr' 1901. № 17-18. S. 251. Elaine Robert Gordon. Aetheric or Wireless Telegraphy. London. 1905. Biggs and sons, 139-140, Salisbury Court, E. G. P. 98-99. Elaine Robert Gordon. Aetheric or Wireless Telegraphy. London. 1905. Biggs and sons, 139-140, Salisbury Court, E. G. P. 98-99. Forest L. de. & Smythe E. H. Wireless Telegraphy. Patent US716203. Patented Dec. 16, 1902. Application filed Sept. 1, 1900. Forest L. de. & Smythe E. H. Wireless Telegraphy. Patent US716203. Patented Dec. 16, 1902. Application filed Sept. 1, 1900. Johnson W. S. & Fortier C. L. Electric wave telegraph. Patent US664869. Patented Jan. 1, 1901. Application filed Fеb. 16, 1900. Johnson W. S. & Fortier C. L. Electric wave telegraph. Patent US664869. Patented Jan. 1, 1901. Application filed Feb. 16, 1900. Hijiya James A. Lee de Forest and the fatherhood of radio. London and Toronto. Lehigh University Press. 1992. 182 p. Hijiya James A. Lee de Forest and the fatherhood of radio. London and Toronto. Lehigh University Press. 1992. 182 p. Freeman C. E. Apparatus for utilizing electrical oscillations for signaling purposes. Patent US773069. Patented Oct. 25, 1904. Application filed Jan. 14, 1901. Freeman C. E. Apparatus for utilizing electrical oscillations for signaling purposes. Patent US773069. Patented Oct. 25, 1904. Application filed Jan. 14, 1901. A New System of Space Telegraphy // Western Electrician. July 27, 1901. Vol. 29, No. 4. P. 49-50. A New System of Space Telegraphy // Western Electrician. July 27, 1901. Vol. 29, No. 4. P. 49-50. Lee de Forest. Electrolytic Receivers in Wireless Telegraphy // Journal of the Franklin Institute. October 1904. Vol. 158, No. 4. P. 241-261. Lee de Forest. Electrolytic Receivers in Wireless Telegraphy // Journal of the Franklin Institute. October 1904. Vol. 158, No. 4. P. 241-261. Forest L. De & Smythe E. H. Apparatus for communicating signals through space. Patent US716000. Patented Dec. 16, 1902. Application filed July 5, 1901. Forest L. De & Smythe E. H. Apparatus for communicating signals through space. Patent US716000. Patented Dec. 16, 1902. Application filed July 5, 1901. Wireless Telegraphy That Sends No Messages Except By Wire // New York Herald, October 28, 1901. P. 4. Wireless Telegraphy That Sends No Messages Except By Wire // New York Herald, October 28, 1901. P. 4. Cuss Words in the Wireless // New York Sun, August 27, 1903. P. 1. Cuss Words in the Wireless // New York Sun, August 27, 1903. P. 1. Fayant Frank. The Wireless Telegraph Bubble // Success magazine. June 1907. Vol. 10. Number 157. P. 387-389, 450, 451. Fayant Frank. The Wireless Telegraph Bubble // Success magazine. June 1907. Vol. 10. Number 157. P. 387-389, 450, 451. Russell K. M., Bishop C. O. Understanding Ivy Lee’s declaration of principles : U.S. newspaper and magazine coverage of publicity and press a gentry, 1865-1904 // Public Relations Review, 2009. No. 35. P. 91-101. Russell K. M., Bishop C. O. Understanding Ivy Lee’s declaration of principles : U.S. newspaper and magazine coverage of publicity and press a gentry, 1865-1904 // Public Relations Review, 2009. No. 35. P. 91-101. The De Forest-Smythe Wireless Telegraph System // Electrical World and Engineer. July 26, 1902. P. 145-146. The De Forest-Smythe Wireless Telegraph System // Electrical World and Engineer. July 26, 1902. P. 145-146. Forest de Lee. Father of Radio. The Autobiography. 1st edition. Chicago. Wilcox & Follett Co., 1950. P. 135. Forest de Lee. Father of Radio. The Autobiography. 1st edition. Chicago. Wilcox & Follett Co., 1950. P. 135. Dolkart Leo. Experiments in wireless telegraphy. College of engineering University of Illinois. Presented June 1903. P. 36. Dolkart Leo. Experiments in wireless telegraphy. College of engineering University of Illinois. Presented June 1903. P. 36. The Perham Collection of Early Electronics at History San José. URL: http://perhamcollection. historysanjose.org/de-forest-responder-electrolytic-detector/ (04.02.2021). The Perham Collection of Early Electronics at History San José. URL: http://perhamcollection. historysanjose.org/de-forest-responder-electrolytic-detector/ (04.02.2021). English Test of De Forest Wireless Telegraph System // Electrical World and Engineer. New York, Saturday, January 2, 1904. Vol. 43, No. 1. P. 54-55. English Test of De Forest Wireless Telegraph System // Electrical World and Engineer. New York, Saturday, January 2, 1904. Vol. 43, No. 1. P. 54-55. Bartholomew (Bart) Lee. De Forest Fails in Ireland and Wales in 1903, and then Makes a Deal at Sea // AWA Review. 2012. Vol. 25. P. 155-160. Bartholomew (Bart) Lee. De Forest Fails in Ireland and Wales in 1903, and then Makes a Deal at Sea // AWA Review. 2012. Vol. 25. P. 155-160. The de Forest wireless telegraph system // The Electrician, December 4, 1903. Vol. 52, No. 7. P. 240-242. The de Forest wireless telegraph system // The Electrician, December 4, 1903. Vol. 52, No. 7. P. 240-242. Forest Lee de. Concerning wireless telegraph transmitters // The Electrical Journal. November 27, 1903. Vol. 52, No. 8. P. 200-201. Forest Lee de. Concerning wireless telegraph transmitters // The Electrical Journal. November 27, 1903. Vol. 52, No. 8. P. 200-201. The De Forest wireless tests across the Irish channel // Scientific American. January 16, 1904. Vol. 90, No. 3. P. 40. The De Forest wireless tests across the Irish channel // Scientific American. January 16, 1904. Vol. 90, No. 3. P. 40. Slattery Peter. Reporting the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5 : Lionel James’s first wireless transmissions to The Times. Folkestone, Kent United Kingdom : Global Oriental Ltd. 2004. 144 p. Slattery Peter. Reporting the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5 : Lionel James’s first wireless transmissions to The Times. Folkestone, Kent United Kingdom : Global Oriental Ltd. 2004. 144 p. Bartholomew Lee. Wireless - its Evolution from Mysterious Wonder to Weapon of War, 1902 to 1905 // The AWA Review. 2012. Vol. 25. P. 160-182. Bartholomew Lee. Wireless - its Evolution from Mysterious Wonder to Weapon of War, 1902 to 1905 // The AWA Review. 2012. Vol. 25. P. 160-182. Neapel Engen. Die drahtlose Telegraphie. Berlin. Verlag von Julius Springer. 1905. P. 60-66. Neapel Engen. Die drahtlose Telegraphie. Berlin. Verlag von Julius Springer. 1905. P. 60-66. Duddell W. The St. Louis International Electrical Congress // Nature. October 27, 1904. No. 1826. Vol. 70. P. 638-640. Duddell W. The St. Louis International Electrical Congress // Nature. October 27, 1904. No. 1826. Vol. 70. P. 638-640. Forest Lee De. Wireless Telegraph Receivers. Transactions of the International Electrical Congress St. Louis, 1904 in three volumes. Volume III. J. B. Lyon company printers and binders Albany, N. V. 1905. P. 573-594. Forest Lee De. Wireless Telegraph Receivers. Transactions of the International Electrical Congress St. Louis, 1904 in three volumes. Volume III. J. B. Lyon company printers and binders Albany, N. V. 1905. P. 573-594. Forest Lee de. Electrolytic receivers in wireless telegraphy // The Electrician, November 4, 1904. Vol. 53, No. 3. P. 94-98. Forest Lee de. Electrolytic receivers in wireless telegraphy // The Electrician, November 4, 1904. Vol. 53, No. 3. P. 94-98.