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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2499-9962</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">54138</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Общая биофизика</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>General biophysics</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Общая биофизика</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Biological evolution as a hierarchy of evolution of active media</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Биологическая эволюция как эволюция иерархий активных сред</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сидорова</surname>
       <given-names>А Э</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sidorova</surname>
       <given-names>A E</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sky314bone@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Твердислов</surname>
       <given-names>В А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tverdislov</surname>
       <given-names>V A</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-06-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2017</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-06-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2017</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>151</fpage>
   <lpage>156</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-06-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-06-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54138/view">https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54138/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>На основе представлений о самоорганизации в иерархически сопряженных активных средах рассмотрена биофизическая модель эволюции биосферы. Такой аналитический подход позволяет по-новому рассмотреть идеи бифуркационного и, как следствие, сальтаторного развития популяций, сообществ организмов и биосферы в целом. Движущей силой эволюции биосферы - «нагнетающим насосом» - служит иерархия распределенных активных сред, составленных мозаикой биоценозов. В целом, активная среда создает фронтальное «давление естественного отбора». Иерархия активных сред определяет &quot;векторность&quot;, т.е. направленность эволюционного развития. С гигантскими флуктуациями, формирующимися в неравновесной системе активных сред, как раз и «работает» внешний пассивный фильтр естественного отбора, позволяющий выйти данной ветви эволюции на устойчивую траекторию развития и закрепиться на ней. В отличие от классического филогенетического древа, отражающего принцип вертикальной эволюции биосферы, в данном подходе биосфера - единый организм - сопряженная система, эволюционирующая по законам, определяемым отбором, переносом генов, конвергенцией и дивергенцией - классическими механизмами эволюции. Трехмерная сеть прямых и обратных связей модели позволяет рассматривать эволюционирующую биосферу как иерархиюсопряженных активных сред.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>A biophysical model of the evolution of the biosphere is considered on the basis of ideas of self-organization in hierarchically conjugate active media. This analytical approach allows us to re-examine the ideas of the bifurcation and, as a consequence, the saltatory development of populations, communities of organisms and the biosphere as a whole. The driving force behind the evolution of the biosphere - the &quot;pumping pump&quot; - is the hierarchy of distributed active media composed of a mosaic of biocenoses. In general, the active environment creates a frontal &quot;pressure of natural selection&quot;. With these giant fluctuations, the external passive filter of natural selection, which allows to exit this branch of evolution to a stable development trajectory and to gain a foothold on it, just &quot;works&quot;. Unlike the classical phylogenetic tree, which reflects the principle of the vertical evolution of the biosphere, in this approach the biosphere is a single organism, the conjugate system evolving according to the laws determined by selection, gene transfer, convergence and divergence-the classical mechanisms of evolution. The three-dimensional network of direct and inverse connections of the model allows us to consider the evolving biosphere as a hierarchy of conjugate active media</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>иерархия активных сред</kwd>
    <kwd>автоволны</kwd>
    <kwd>биосфера</kwd>
    <kwd>эволюция</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>hierarchy of active media</kwd>
    <kwd>autowaves</kwd>
    <kwd>biosphere</kwd>
    <kwd>evolution</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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