Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ 2499-9962 54352 Общая биофизика General biophysics Общая биофизика PHASE TRANSITIONS AND CHIRALITY IN LIPID BILAYERS ФАЗОВЫЕ ПЕРЕХОДЫ И ХИРАЛЬНОСТЬ В ЛИПИДНЫХ БИСЛОЯХ Яковенко Л В Yakovenko L V yakovenko.lv@physics.msu.ru Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова ru M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University ru 25 12 2018 25 12 2018 3 4 711 713 20 12 2018 20 12 2018 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/54352/view

Бислойные липидные мембраны (БЛМ) клеток всех организмов состоят из множества сортов липидов, включая фосфолипиды, которые являются хиральными молекулами и у эубактерий и эукариотов относятся к L-типу (в sn-номенклатуре), а у архебактерий - к D-типу. Хиральная чистота липидов каждого вида современных организмов поддерживается за счет ферментативного синтеза соответствующих энантиомеров, однако вопрос о ее возникновении остается открытым. Липиды - относительно небольшие молекулы, которые образуются абиогенно значительно проще и быстрее, чем молекулы РНК и белков. Кроме того, они спонтанно формируют разнообразные надмолекулярные структуры: мицеллы, липосомы, бислои и т.п., которые необходимы были для образования прототипов клеток. В настоящей работе представлены некоторые теоретические соображения о том, что липидные мембраны могли предопределить возникновение хиральной чистоты биосферы в целом. При этом важную роль могли играть особенности фазовых переходов в БЛМ и физические свойства мембран, содержащих энантиомеры липидов одного или разных типов.

Bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) of cells of all organisms consist of immense number of kinds of lipids including phospholipids which are chiral and belong to L-type in eubacteria and eukaryotes and to D-type in archaea. Chiral purity of all kinds of lipids is provided by enzymatic synthesis of respective enantiomers but the question about its origin is still open. Lipids are relatively small molecules that can be formed abiogenicaly much more easily and faster than molecules of RNA and proteins. Besides, they can form spontaneously various supramolecular structures such as micelles, liposomes, and bilayers that were necessary for formation of prototypes of the cell. In this work some theoretical considerations are given that provide indirect evidence that lipid membranes could have predetermined the chiral purity of biosphere as a whole. An important role at this could have played specific features of phase transitions in BLM and physical properties of membranes containing lipid enantiomers of one or different types.

 липиды хиральность фазовые переходы мир липидов предшественники клетки lipids chirality phase transitions the lipid world cell predecessors

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