Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ФИЗИКИ И ХИМИИ 2499-9962 83076 10.29039/rusjbpc.2023.0595 БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ BIOPHYSICAL ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES БИОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ THE GELATINOUS-TO-FORAGE ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS RATIO OF THE WORLD OCEAN СООТНОШЕНИЕ БИОМАССЫ ЖЕЛЕТЕЛОГО И КОРМОВОГО ЗООПЛАНКТОНА В МИРОВОМ ОКЕАНЕ Пионтковский Сергей Александрович Piontkovskiy Sergey Aleksandrovich spiontkovski@mail.ru

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Минский И. А. Minsky I. A. Мегер Я. В. Meger Ya. V. Севастопольский государственный университет Севастополь Россия Sevastopol State University Sevastopol Russian Federation Севастопольский государственный университет Севастополь Россия Sevastopol State University Sevastopol Russian Federation Севастопольский государственный университет Севастополь Россия Sevastopol State University Sevastopol Russian Federation Севастопольский государственный университет Севастополь Россия Sevastopol State University Sevastopol Russian Federation 16 05 2024 16 05 2024 8 1 93 98 20 06 2024 https://rusjbpc.ru/en/nauka/article/83076/view

Пространственно-временная изменчивость ряда фундаментальных биофизических характеристик океана (интенсивности биолюминесценции, звукорассеивающих слоев и др.) во многом зависит от величины и характера распределения биомассы зоопланктона в нем. В свою очередь, кормовая фракция зоопланктона (представленная в основном ракообразными входящими в рацион мелких пелагических рыб) и его желетелая фракция (представленная гребневиками, медузами и некоторыми другими организмами) играют важную, но разную роль в трансформации вещества и энергии в пелагиали Мирового океана. Кормовой зоопланктон выступает в роли передаточного звена, связывающего продуцентов (фитопланктон) с консументами более высоких трофических уровней. Желетелый зоопланктон направляет поток органического углерода в детритную цепь экосистемы. На основе анализа международных баз данных (JeDI и COPEPOD) и опубликованных исследований (1951-2004 гг.) рассчитано соотношение биомассы желетелого и кормового зоопланктона в 43-х регионах. Показано, что по величине соотношения (в единицах углерода) желетелые доминируют в верхнем 200-метровом слое на большей части акватории северного полушария Мирового океана. Такое соотношение может отрицательно сказываться на воспроизводстве рыбных промысловых запасов, т.к. желетелый зоопланктон изымает часть потока углерода из пищевой цепи и направляет ее в детритную.

The spatiotemporal variability of ocean profound biophysical characteristics (i.e. the intensity of bioluminescence, soun scattering layers and etc.) gradually depends on the zooplankton biomass distribution pattern. In turn, the forage zooplankton fraction (which is represented basically by crustaceans contributing to a small pelagic fish diet) and the gelatinous zooplankton fraction (which is characterized by jellyfish, ctenophores, and some other organisms), both play important but different roles in matter and energy transfer in the pelagic World Ocean. Forage zooplankton is the transformer that links producers to high trophic-level consumers. The gelatinous zooplankton channels the organic carbon towards a detrital pathway. The ratio of forage-to-gelatinous zooplankton biomass inferred out of international databases (JeDI and COPEPOD) and published papers (with data averaged for 1951-2014), was calculated. The dominance of gelatinous biomass (in carbon units) over the forage biomass in the upper 200 m layer across the World Ocean’s northern hemisphere was shown. This dominance can negatively impact fish stock recruitment.

 биомасса зоопланктона пелагические экосистемы Мировой океан zooplankton biomass pelagic ecosystems World Ocean

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