Viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mediate cap-independent translation initiation. They are classified into 4 major types: type I (typical for poliovirus), type II (typical for entsefalomiokardit virus), type III (typical for hepatitis a virus) and type IV (typical for cricket paralysis virus). Type II and IV picornavirus IRESs studied much better than the type I and III. They interact mainly with the canonical components of the translational machinery (such as eukaryotic ribosomal factor eIF4G and 40S subunit) and only with them managed to reconstruct the 48S translational complex from purified components. For translational initiation on type I IRES must be a much greater number of specific mRNA - binding proteins (IRES trans acting factors, ITAFs). Thus the mechanism of translation initiation on type I IRES is still unclear. Recently it was shown that human glycyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates the translation initiation of poliovirus, and the minimal fragment of poliovirus IRES which is necessary for binding of human glycyl-tRNA synthetase was determined. In this paper we have analyzed different type I picornavirus IRESs.
Viruses, enterovirus, rhinovirus, poliovirus, cadicivirus, translation initiation, glycyl-tRNA synthetase, IRES, RNA-protein interaction
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