The article is devoted to the development of biosensors - reporter models for the study of the survival and propagation of genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) in laboratory and natural ecosystems using the example of tansgenic luminescent (Lux) and (GFP) Escherichia coli bacteria. The prediction of survival and distribution (GMO) in certain environmental conditions is impossible without considering the characteristics of transgenic bacteria, for example, the stability of plasmids in cells of transgenic microorganisms, the "cost" of maintaining heterologous genes cloned in plasmids in selective and non-selective conditions ("fitness cost"), the transmission probability and the efficiency of expression of cloned genes in other organisms. Particular attention is paid to the development of mathematical models for the introduction of genetically engineered strains into laboratory and natural ecosystems of varying degrees of complexity and closure in order to predict the conservation and spread of GMOs in the environment.
biosensors, genetically modified organisms (GMO), introduction in natural ecosystems, expression of cloned genes, bioluminescence, biosafety GMO
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