The report outlines a new field of biotechnology, which employs nanoaerosols for treatment, and diagnostics of lung diseases. It presents a brief review of known methods for generation of nanoaersolized drugs without damaging their functional activity. The author’s method is based on electrohydrodynamic atomization of drug solutions followed by gas-phase neutralization of charged nanoclusters with counter-ions. This method turns any water- or ethanol-soluble substance (including peptides, proteins and DNA) into bionanoaerosol (BNA) with their structure and functional properties retained. Methods for measurement of inhaled BNA doses are briefly outlined and a few examples of successful application of BNA from antibiotics and other drugs for treatment of diseases in animals are presented. Some peculiarities of BNA, advantages of drug introduction via BNA inhalation over the other administration routes, as well as potential side effects of BNA are discussed. It is demonstrated that nanoaerosol particles formed upon drying of microdroplets of lung fluid (MLFs) can be used in non-invasive diagnostics of lung diseases. Special filtering material was developed and disposable filtering devices were designed to collect such nanoaerosols and MLFs from exhaled air of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis biomarkers (antibodies specific to secreted mycobacterium antigens) were detected in most probes collected from the patients, illustrating feasibility of non-invasive diagnostics. Similar filtering devices were successfully employed in analysis of nosocomial infections in clinics. These devices may also be used to control biosafety in transport, in private houses and in industrial buildings.
bionanoaerosols, generation, treatment with bionanoaerosols, exhaled air, non-invasive diagnostics
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