Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Cryobiology has been actively developing for the past 10 years and it is not only a fundamental study of changes occurring at low temperatures in solutions and cell structures but it also carries applied value. The applied aims of modern cryobiology are development of cryoprotective media, methods for cryopreservation of cells, tissues, animal and human embryos, creation of cryobanks, etc. During cryopreservation the degree and rate of biological material damage is determined both by the formation of ice crystals outside the cells accompanied by a violation of osmotic equilibrium, excessive dehydration, change in pH and change of membrane characteristics, etc., and the cooling rate of the biological object. It is known that glycerol, DMSO, ethylene glycol do not form crystalline structures with decreasing temperature but remain in an amorphous glass state. At the same time glycerol as the least toxic compound for cells is the main component of cryoprotective media used for freezing of large volumes of biological materials. In the article the study of thermodynamic characteristics as well as X-ray diffraction analysis of water-glycerol solutions is presented. It expands the understanding of physicochemical processes and structural changes in cryoprotective media.
cryoprotectant, calorimetry, X-ray analysis, ART
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