The paper analyzes the experimental evolution of transgenic microorganisms (GMOs) under conditions of limiting their growth by energy substrates. These conditions are typical for the development of GMOs in nature. The most adequate ecological model of natural conditions is a continuous cultivation in the chemostat. It has been shown that the cost of maintaining GMOs sharply increases at low rates of reproduction of transgenic bacteria. This is due to an increase in the efficiency of expression of cloned genes while limiting the growth of GMOs. Experiments revealed an increase in the efficiency of expression of bioluminescence genes of marine luminescent bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi , cloned in Escherichia coli Z905 , at low growth rates during continuous cultivation.
transgenic microorganisms, experimental evolution, fitness cost, mathematical modeling, continuous culture
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