St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
UDK 621.38 Электроника. Фотоэлектроника. Электронные лампы, трубки. Рентгенотехника. Ускорители частиц
UDK 621.39 Электросвязь. Техника электросвязи
The scientific discoveries and inventions of Lee de Forest, which left a noticeable mark in radio tube technologies and society, are considered and analyzed. De Forest’s struggle for priority in opening feedback in an audio frequency amplifier is described. The superiority of de Forest in recording sound on film based on the Phonofilm technology invented by him was noted. It is shown how in the dramatic life of de Forest there was a place not only for scientific research, but also for love for women.
Lee de Forest, feedback, regenerative radio reception, gridlick, DV triodes, Phonofilm, Marie Mosquini
1. V. M. Pestrikov, “Problems of Long-Distance Telephony at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries and the Search for their Solutions,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 117-151, 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2022.05.1.10. (In Russ.).
2. V. M. Pestrikov, “Michael Pupin and Pupinization of Telephone Lines,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 260-293, 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2022.05.2.20. (In Russ.).
3. V. M. Pestrikov, “Choice of Development Trend of Bell System at the Beginning of the 20th Century,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 395-427, 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2022.05.3.30. (In Russ.).
4. V. M. Pestrikov, “Robert Millikan and His Role in the Birth of Modern Radio Tubes,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 587-610, 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2022.05.4.41. (In Russ.).
5. V. M. Pestrikov “The genesis of Lee de Forest audion,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 42-79, 2021. (In Russ.).
6. V. M. Pestrikov, “Lee de Forest’s Sale of Audion Rights to AT&T and Its Importance for the Development of Radio Technics,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 211-249, 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2023.06.2.18. (In Russ.).
7. V. M. Pestrikov, “Success Business Plan for AT&T,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 327-355, 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.29039/2587-9936.2023.06.3.25. (In Russ.).
8. V. M. Pestrikov “Invention of an electronic tube audio frequency amplifier,” Infocommunications and Radio Technologies, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 433-455, 2020. (In Russ.).
9. Lee De Forest, Father of Radio. 1950.
10. E. H. Armstrong, “Operating features of the audion,” Electrical World, vol. 64, no. 24, pp. 1149-1152, December 12, 1914.
11. G. F. J. Tyne, “The RJ4 Detector and the Wallace Mystery”, in : Antique Wireless Association Monograph (New Series), no. 1, pp. 5-9, 1978.
12. E. H. Armstrong, “Wireless receiving system.” Patent US1113149A. Patented October. 6, 1914. Application filed October 29, 1913.
13. L. De Forest and C. Logwood, “Wireless receiving system.” Patent US1170881A. Patented February 8, 1916. Application filed March 12, 1914.
14. W. H. Secor, “Dr. de Forest Wins Feed-Back Verdict,” Short Wave Craft, no. 8, p. 199, 1934.
15. E. H. Armstrong, “Wireless Receiving System.” Patent US 1113149A. Patent Application filed October 28, 1913. Patented Oct. 6, 1914.
16. “Edwin Armstrong Invents the Regenerative Circuit.” URL: https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=2387. (01.07.2023).
17. E. H. Armstrong, “Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver,” Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 215-247, Sept. 1915.
18. “Judge Mayer sustains Armstrong radio patent,” Pacific radio news, vol. 2, no. 12, p.410, July 1921.
19. E. H. Armstrong, “The Regenerative Circuit,” The Electric Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, p.153, 1921.
20. Lee de Forest, “Oscillating-current generator.” Patent US1201270A. Patented October 17, 1916. Application filed September 14, 1914.
21. “The De Forest DV and DL Valves.” URL: http://www.r-type.org/articles/art-277.htm (02.07.2023).
22. “Base UV.” URL: http://www.r-type.org/static/baseuv.htm (02.07.2023).
23. Lee de Forest, “Means for recording and reproducing sound.” Patent US1446246A. Patented February 20, 1923. Application filed September 18, 1919.
24. “Telling The Story of Sound Motion Pictures Through Contemporary Writings With additional narrative by the Curator.” URL: http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/sound/sound03.htm (02.07.2023).
25. “DeForest marriage verified,” The New York Times. October 11, 1930.
26. “Photos for Lee De Forest. Perham Collection of Early Electronics. History San Jose. Photo Record.” URL: https://historysanjose.pastperfectonline.com/Photo?search_criteria=Lee+De+Forest+&onlyimages=false (02.07.2023).
27. C. Nicholas, The shallows. What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. New York-London : W. W. Norton & Company, pp. 54-55, 2010.
28. Lee de Forest, “Dawn of the Electronic Age,” Popular Mechanics, p. 364, January 1952.
29. “De Forest honored as radio pioneer,” The New York Times, January 2, 1947.
30. “Lee de Forest,” Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1961. URL: https://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/lee-de-forest/index.html (02.07.2023).