The solid-phase microextraction method in combination with capillary gas-liquid chromatography was used to study the composition of the biologically active components of a mixture of essential oils present in the gas phase above the sample. It was found that the extraction efficiency of volatile substances depended on the composition of the sample, the concentration of essential oils, the properties and structure of volatile compounds, the nature of the polymer sorbent, and the extraction time. The increase in concentration of essential oils in test samples resulted in the increase of sorption of more volatile nonpolar monoterpenes and decrease of sorption of high-boiling acetates and sesquiterpenes. It was found that polydimethylsiloxane had the highest sorption activity and capacity, a mixed polymer of polydimethylsiloxane with carboxene showed the minimal values. The addition of water to a mixture of essential oils led to an increase in the extraction of nonpolar compounds and a decrease in the sorption of polar substances.
solid-phase microextraction, capillary gas-liquid chromatography, volatile organic compounds, essential oils
1. Chemistry of spices. Oxfordshire: CAB Int., ed. V.A. Parthasarathy, B. Chempakam, T.J. Zachariaah, 2008, pp. 260-268
2. Charles D.J. Antioxidant properties of spices, herbs and other sources. New York: Springer, 2013, 610 p.
3. Flavours and fragrances. Chemistry, bioprocessing and sustainability. New York: Springer Velgar, ed. R.G. Berger, 2007, pp. 43-116.
4. Ettre L.S. Headspace Analysis of Food and Flavours: Theory and Practice. New York: Academic Plenum Publischers, 2001, pp. 347.
5. Misharina T. A. Opredelenie letuchih organicheskih veschestv v gazovoy faze s primeneniem poristyh adsorbentov. Zh. Analit. Himii, 2010, t. 26, № 2, s.132-139. [Misharina T.A. Determination of volatile organics in gaseous phase using porous adsorbents. J. Analyt. Chem, 2010, vol. 65, no. 2, pp.127-139. (In Russ.)]
6. Ayayi E.O., Sadimenko A.P., Afolayan A.J. GC-MS evaluation of Cymbopogon citrates (DC) Stapf oil obtained using modified hydrodistillation and microwave extraction methods. Food Chem., 2016, vol. 209, no. 1, pp. 262-266.
7. Arthur C.L., Pawliszynm J. Solid-phase microextraction method with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal. Chem., 1990, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1843-1852.
8. Roberts D.D., Polien P., Milo C. Solid-phase microextraction method development for headspace analysis of volatile flavour compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2430-2437.
9. Wardencky W., Michulec M., Curylo J. A review of theoretical and practical aspects of solid-phase microextractionin food analyses. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2004, vol. 39, pp. 703-717.
10. Ouyang G., Vuckovic D., Pawliszyn. Nondestructive sampling of living systems using in vivo solid-phase microextraction. J. Chem. Rev., 2011, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 2784-2815.
11. Zaycev V.N., Zuy M.F. Tverdofaznoe mikroekstrakcionnoe koncentrirovanie. Zh. Analit. Himii, 2014, t. 69, № 8, c. 787-801. [Zaitsev V.N., Zui M.F. Preconcentration by solid-phase microextraction. J. of Analyt. Chem., 2014, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 715-727. (In Russ.)]
12. Savel'eva E.I., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu. Primenenie tverdofaznoy mikroekstrakcii v sochetanii s gazovoy hromato-mass-spektrometriey dlya issledovaniya letuchih produktov biosinteza, vydelyaemyh rasteniyami i mikroorganizmami. Zh. Analit. Himii, 2014, t. 69, № 7, c. 675-682. [Savelieva E.I., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu. J. Analyt. Chem., 2014, vol. 69, no. 7, pp.609-615. (In Russ.)]
13. Bajer T., Ligor M., Ligor T., Buszewski D. Design of the extraction process for terpenes and other volatiles from allspice by solid-phase microextraction and hydrodistillation. J. Separation Sci., 2016. vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 769-774.
14. Souza H. A.L., Bragagnolo N. New method for the extraction of volatile lipid oxidation products from shrimp by headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and evaluation of the effect of salting and drying. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2014, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 590-599.
15. Du L., Wang Ch., Li J., Xiao D., Li Ch., XuY. Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detecting methoxyphenolic compounds in pu-erh tea. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2013, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 561-568.
16. Moradi M., Kaykhali M., Ghiasvand A.R., Shadabi S., Salehinia A. Comparison of headspace solid-phase microextraction, headspace single-drop microextraction and hydrodistillation for chemical screening of volatiles in Myrtus Communis L. Phytochem. Anal., 2012, vol. 23, pp. 379-386.
17. Misharina T.A., Terenina M.B., Krikunova N.I. Opredelenie letuchih organicheskih veschestv metodom tverdofaznoy mikroekstrakcii. Prikladnaya biohimiya i mikrobiologiya, 2017, t. 53, № 5, c.534-543. [Misharina T.A., Terenina M.B., Krikunova N.I. Determination of volatile organic compounds by solid-phase microextraction. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 534-543. (In Russ.)]
18. Bajer T., Ligor M., Ligor T., Buszewski D. Design of the extraction process for terpenes and other volatiles from allspice by solid-phase microextraction and hydrodistillation. J. Separation Sci., 2015, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 769-774.
19. Misharina T.A., Terenina M.B., Krikunova N.I., Kalinchenko M.A. Sorption of components from of odorants by polysaccharides of starch, chitosan and carrgeenan. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 111-115.
