The information on the characteristics of the cellular composition and molecular oxygen utilization systems in skeletal muscles of bony fish is summarized. Their state under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia is considered. It has been noted that white muscle fibers possess an uncompensated type of organization of the respiratory chain of mitochondria with a pronounced predominance in the content of cytochromes of the aa3 group. At the same time, muscle tissue has effective enzymatic systems that can neutralize toxic lactate formed during acute hypoxia and anoxia, converting it to ethanol, alanine, CO2 , glucose and lipids. It has been shown that the functioning of the Krebs cycle under conditions of anaerobiosis provides additional ATP resynthesis based on carbohydrate and protein substrates, with a highly active malik-enzyme as the key element. It is concluded that the skeletal muscles and a number of other tissues in fish have been initially oriented towards functioning under conditions of acute oxygen deficiency, and for these organisms hypoxic conditions seem to be normal and not extraordinary ones.
skeletal muscles, marine fish, metabolism, the respiratory chain of mitochondria, hypoxia
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