Обобщена информация об особенностях клеточного состава и молекулярных системах утилизации кислорода в скелетных мышцах костистых рыб. Рассмотрено их состояние в условиях нормоксии и гипоксии. Отмечено, что белые мышечные волокна имеют нескомпенсированный тип организации дыхательной цепи митохондрий с явным преобладанием содержания цитохромов группы аа3 . При этом мышечная ткань имеет эффективные ферментативные системы, способные нейтрализовать образующийся при острой гипоксии и аноксии токсический лактат, переводя его в этанол, аланин, СО2 , глюкозу, жиры. Показано, что функционирование цикла Кребса в условиях анаэробиоза, обеспечивает дополнительный ресинтез АТР на основе углеводных и белковых субстратов, ключевым элементом которого является высоко активный малик-фермент. Делается вывод о том, что скелетные мышцы и ряд других тканей у рыб изначально ориентированы на функционирование в условиях острого дефицита кислорода, а гипоксические состояния для них скорее являются нормой, чем исключением.
скелетные мышцы, костистые рыбы, метаболизм, дыхательная цепь митохондрий, гипоксия
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