В данной работе исследовано прохождение треков заряженных частиц через различные области гиппокампа крыс, который включал основные типы клеток различной морфологии. Для каждой модели нейрона смоделированы клеточное тело (сома), содержащее ядерную ДНК, аксон и дендриты, с распределенными на них шипиками и синаптическими рецепторами. С использованием метода Монте-Карло в пакете Geant4 моделировались физико-химические процессы в нейронах гиппокампа и образуемых ими нейронных сетях при облучении заряженными частицами в широком диапазоне линейной передачи энергии (ЛПЭ). Также проведен расчет формирования молекулярных повреждений различной природы в чувствительных структурах нервных клеток с учетом процессов радиолиза воды после радиационного поражения. Предсказано, что выход кластерных однонитевых разрывов ДНК, включающих повреждения оснований, максимален при значениях ЛПЭ в пределах 20-50 кэВ/мкм. Максимальный выход двунитевых разрывов ДНК на единицу поглощенной дозы наблюдается при значениях ЛПЭ в пределах 100-200 кэВ/мкм, а наибольшая часть кластерных двунитевых разрывов ДНК, включающих повреждения оснований, реализуется в области ЛПЭ около 300 кэВ/мкм. Полученные результаты находятся в согласии с известными экспериментальными данными.
нейроны, трек заряженных частиц, кластерное повреждение ДНК, ОБЭ
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