Нейтрофилы - основные клетки врожденного иммунитета. Уничтожение патогенных микроорганизмов осуществляется нейтрофилами посредством фагоцитоза и последующей реализации механизмов генерации активных форм кислорода. Цель настоящей работы - изучение влияния вирусных инфекций на функциональную активность (интенсивность реакции респираторного взрыва) нейтрофилов периферической крови. Исследование проводилось на цельной крови человека методом проточной цитометрии. Проанализированы изменения интенсивности реакции респираторного взрыва при развитии ОРВИ и при бактериальных осложнениях. Определен компонент плазмы крови, предположительно праймирующий нейтрофилы при вирусных инфекциях (белок острой фазы фибриноген). Показано, что нейтрофилы здоровых доноров по-разному реагируют на вакцинацию инактивированными и “живыми” вакцинами против гриппа. Выявлена корреляция между способностью нейтрофилов генерировать активные формы кислорода и титром антител IgA и IgG к SARS-CoV-2 у пациентов с бессимптомным или легким Covid-19. Полученные данные подтверждают влияние вирусных инфекций на функциональную активность нейтрофилов. Кроме того, предложен белок, который может быть ответственным за это влияние.
нейтрофилы, окислительный стресс, респираторные вирусные инфекции, проточная цитометрия
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